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The Appalling State of Muslims in post-colonial India

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South Asia is home to one-third of the world’s Muslim population. Contrary to the popular belief there are more Muslims in South Asia than there are in middle-east which is popularly known to be the heart-land of Islam. After Indonesia, India is the second country in the world with the largest Muslim population. India is anciently known to be the hub of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. So, when and how did a country largely consisting of Hindus, Buddhists and Jains become so densely populated by Muslims? How did Islam emerge in pre-colonial India? As much as there is a controversy around this inquisition, there is also a lack of historical, geographical and political awareness related to it. The most important aspect to this bone of contention is the appalling state of the Muslims in post-colonial India, and how is it different from that of the Muslim diasporas in the rest of the world, in specie the West. Albeit there have been events of religious violence in pre-colonial and British India, the post-colonial period has seen an enormous increase in riots and hate crimes against Muslims in India.

Also read, India Ranks 161st in Terms of Journalistic Freedom- RSF

The Image of Muslims in the West

The image of Muslims in the west has been in question lately more than ever in the world in general. The rise of hate crimes against Muslims usually chalk up to the 9/11 attack against the United States which was allegedly carried out by a religious extremist organization Al-Qa’ida. Having said that there have been some crucial conspiracy theories that called for a new investigation into the attacks, because they asserted that there was evidence of individuals from within the US government being either responsible for or knowingly having conspired in the attacks as a means for America of justifying the war in Afghanistan and Iraq. However, majority of the general public held the opinion that Al-Qai’da had orchestrated the attack. Because the members of the Al-Qai’da were people who proclaimed to be the adherents of the religion of Islam, this gave rise to a sense of bigotry and intolerance in the west towards the entire Muslim community.

The widely accepted notion among the broad commonality incriminated the Muslims of effectuating the attack. Non-Muslims started generalizing Muslims and started viewing them as people who endorsed terrorism, which led to a common prejudice against them in the western society. From their customs and religious practices, including their eating habits, to their appearance and clothing, Muslim men and Women were looked down upon and stereotyped as radical and fundamentalists. This generalization and stereotyping of Muslims gradually turned violent in nature and this turn of events gave rise to a series of hate crimes resulting in abuse and even unfortunate deaths of many Muslims. Howbeit, even before the 9/11 attack, many bookmen and laypeople alike had accepted a prior perception that religious terrorism had become the most common form of terrorism, particularly with regard to Islam. This suggests that Islamophobia was a common practice even before 2001.

Read here, “The Kerela Story” Controversy in India

Islamophobia before 9/11

People have associated Islamophobia with various manifestations. While some people reckon the phenomena with the increasing population of Muslims in the United States and Europe, others deem it to be retaliation for an ostensible anticipation of the emergence of a global Muslim identity. Yet many others identify Islamophobia with xenophobia and racism. Another less talked about reason for Islamophobia is the media’s double standards while reporting terrorism. A recent study has found out that terror attacks by “muslims” receive 357% more press attention. This was University of Alabama researcher’s newly study which was published in Justice Quarterly (academic journal covering criminology and criminal justice) authored by Dr. Erin Kearns, UA assistant professor of criminology and criminal justice. Still and all the causes of Islamophobia have always been and till date are debatable.

In the spate of attacks on Muslims in the western countries including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland and New Zealand, it should be noted that the occurrence of such deplorable crimes in the West have one regularity. They are all driven by Islamophobia, the impetus of which is the bigotry for Muslims, a sequence to the specious notion that Muslims endorse Terrorism.

Also, read Muslim OBC Reservation scrapped by BJP government of Karnataka

Appalling State of Muslims in post-colonial India- Partition

Talking about Islam and Muslims, then like in West the appalling state of Muslims is much the same in parts of South Asia explicitly in India, but for wholly different reasons. Though there have been incidents of religious violence in pre-colonial and British India, the history of modern India has seen a compelling surge in the estimate of both subjective and objective violence. But what accounts for this rise of violence against Muslims in independent India? Is it Islamophobia that drives this hatred, just like it does in the West.

Inasmuch these crimes are a result of anti-Muslim sentiments in both the West and in India, the causes of these crimes are primitively much different. Benchmarking the nature of these crimes and the disparity in the claims of the perpetrators, one finds out that there is significantly a historical aspect to the nature of violence against Muslims in India. The partition of British India into two different countries, now called India and Pakistan, was originally borne out of a religious divide amongst Hindus and Muslims. As history claims, different people were for and against partition, as each had a different vision in mind.

There are many theories that explain the reasons for the establishment of Pakistan. One of the most agreed upon consensus of the pro-partition leaders for the formation of Pakistan was the subject of safety of the Muslim minority in the otherwise Hindu majority India. The earlier incidents of religious violence in India had taken a toll on both the Hindus and Muslims. The Muslims being the minority were now more insecure about their safety while living amongst Hindus. Because the safety of Muslims had been in question, ultimately the demand for a separate country for Muslims by the pro-partition leaders was unanimously supported by most Muslims. The Muslims who were not able to migrate then to the land given to Pakistan were left in India, and thus were even less in number, making them an even smaller minority than before.

Read here, India- The Killing of Gangster-Turned-Politician Atiq Ahmad

Commencement of the Appalling State of Muslims in post-colonial India

 What marked the commencement of the violence against Muslims in Independent India was the demolition of Babri Masjid, a 430 year old mosque in Ayodhya by extremist Hindus and members of Vishwa Hindu Parishad(VHP) and Bajrang Dal. What followed was a sequel of incidents feuled by the religious animosity stirred between Hindus and Muslims. There has been a continuing rise in the manifestation of hate crimes and incidents of religious prejudice against Muslims in India ever since. However, with the emergence of the current government in India, the last few years have seen an enormous and noticeable amount of hate driven crimes including rape, public flogging and lynching. The motives of the perpetrators for committing such heinous crimes are as bizarre as they are abominable. Concepts like cow vigilantism and theories like “Ghar Wapsi” have been doing rounds in the air and have accounted for most of these crimes if not all.

Also, read UN Defender Demands End to Crackdown on Kashmiri Activists

The idea of “Ghar Wapsi” in the appalling state of Muslims in post-colonial India

The idea of “Ghar Wapsi” has also been endorsed and publicized by the right-wing extremists in India, including the leaders of the current government. It is a concept that propagates religious conservation of non-hindus to Hinduism. The reason behind the ideology of these people is their belief that all the people living in pre-colonial and ancient India were originally Hindus. They believe that the emergence and presence of non-hindus in India is only because of the forced conversions by missionaries and invaders that came to India from outside, who were by and large Muslims. This ideology is linked to the pre-colonial past of India. It refers to the period when Islam first emerged in India in 711, when Mohammad Bin Qasim, who was a general in the Umayyad -empire conquered the area of the Southern Pakistan. This was the initial interaction of Islam with South Asia.

Afterwards in the 13th century, the Mongol Invasion uprooted a large number of Persian Turks from Iran and Central-Asia driving them to India where they settled in. And so gradually the tradition and practices of these people started to blend in the syncretic culture of India. Subsequently in the late 13th century with the establishment of the Empire of Timur, began the era of the rise Muslim rulers in India.

Later on in 1526, Babur, a direct descendant of Timur, founded the Mughal Empire, which then ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent for more than 200 years. During the growth of the Mughal Empire under Babar’s son Akbar (1526-1605) there was an essential blending of Hindu-Muslim cultures. Akbar married a Hindu princess of a pure Hindu Rajput blood-line. This made Akbar’s son Jehangir half Rajput and half-Hindu.  After Akbar, his son also married a Hindu woman, and therefore Jehangir’s son Shahjahan was three-quarters Rajput. With the rise of the Mughal Empire, biologically each successor of the dynasty became less and less Turkic and more and more Indian. They adapted the culture of India and also the Indian culture was insinuated by the Islamic traditions, resulting in the concoction of two separate cultures and religions.

Read here, Festival turns bloody after Hindutva Mob Burnt Centennial Mosque

Historic Bias as a reason for the Appalling State of Muslims in Post-Colonial India

These religious and cultural adaptations are, however, still seen as unethical and blameworthy by many Hindus in India, as they see Islam as a threat to their own culture and identity, as a foreign concept brought to India from outside. They consider the presence of Muslims in India as a result of the historic invasions and forceful conversions by Muslim outlanders and conquerors, and not the gradual amalgamation of two different cultures and religions over the course of time. Crimes like lunching and theories like “ghar wapsi” are not mere co-incidents but are borne out of such historic beliefs. They are a corollary of a historic hurt that these people carry. The violence in the west or bread out of islamophobia is sporadic in nature and often spontaneous while in India violence is structured. Unlike the west, the primeval and ever-growing intolerance towards the practices and culture of Muslims in modern day India is not because of the nature of these practices. On the contrary, in India Islam as a religion is not seen as much of a threat but Muslims are.

Also, read Dehumanizing Representation of Tribals and Muslims in the Oscar fame RRR

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From Gaza’s Genocide to Lebanon’s Bombing: The Assault on the Muslim World Expands

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What began with joint US-Israeli strikes on Iran on Feb 28, 2026, quickly spread across the region, linking Gaza, Iran, and Lebanon into a single, expanding, and unwanted conflict.

This is a series of the most volatile events of contemporary times. While a temporary ceasefire with Iran has opened the door for talks, the reality on the ground tells a different story. Gaza remains under genocidal devastation, while Lebanon is under heavy bombardment.

Resultantly, regional tensions are at their highest in years. However, this is not something happening in isolation but a large-scale genocide being unfolded across multiple fronts.

Gaza: The Genocide That Never Stopped

Even as attention shifted toward Iran, Gaza never saw even a bit of relief. More than 2 million Palestinians remain trapped, with the majority displaced internally. Entire neighborhoods have been flattened, and basic services, like water, electricity, and healthcare, have vanished.

Despite diplomatic developments elsewhere, Israeli strikes in Gaza have continued, reinforcing a central reality. The genocide in Gaza did not pause; rather, it became the foundation for a wider assault.

So, Gaza is not separate from the current regional crisis. It is where it began and where it continues.

The Iran Strikes That Changed the Region

On February 28, 2026, U.S. and Israeli forces carried out coordinated and unprovoked airstrikes targeting Iran. These strikes marked a significant shift from indirect confrontation to direct engagement. Even a primary school for girls was hit by the Israeli and US-led airstrikes in Iran, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of innocent lives.

In response to Israel’s act of aggressionand the United States’ Operation Epic Fury, Iran launched Operation True Promise IV. It also launched ballistic missiles and drones to retaliate.

After putting the entire region into flames, Israel declared a state of emergency, while regional airspace disruptions and security alerts spread across neighboring countries.

This heavy exchange transformed the conflict. What had been contained within Gaza now extended into a broader regional confrontation involving a major state actor.

Lebanon: The Expansion No One Could Ignore

If Gaza was the starting point and Iran the escalation, Lebanon became the clearest sign of expansion. So, even after a ceasefire announcement by the US, Israeli airstrikes across Lebanon resulted in:

  • Over 250 to 300 people killed within 24 to 48 hours
  • More than 1,000 injured
  • Dozens of strikes hit densely populated urban areas, including Beirut

These were among the deadliest attacks on Lebanon in decades. Crucially, these strikes continued despite the ceasefire framework announcement with Iran. Israeli leadership made it clear that they are not going to halt their heinous operations in Lebanon despite the long-awaited peace talks.

A Ceasefire That Did Not Bring Calm

The ceasefire announcement between the United States and Iran was presented as a step toward de-escalation. It opened the door for talks in Islamabad, raising hopes of stabilizing the situation.

However, events on the ground contradicted those expectations. Some of these events include:

  • Lebanon continued to face severe and unprovoked bombardment
  • Gaza remained under genocidal attacks
  • Regional military readiness stayed elevated

This created a fragile and uncertain environment in which diplomacy and escalation coexisted. A temporary ceasefire on paper did not translate into peace across the region.

The Strait of Hormuz: A Global Risk Point

Beyond the immediate Middle Eastern battle zones, the conflict has placed critical global infrastructure at risk.

The Strait of Hormuz, through which nearly 20% of the world’s oil supply passes, has become a central pressure point. Iran has signaled its ability to restrict or disrupt traffic through the strait if escalation continues.

This is to pressurize the US and Israel to think about what they are doing at least twice. So, even the possibility of disruption has:

  • Increased volatility in global oil markets
  • Triggered economic concerns far beyond the Middle East

This underscores a key reality that the conflict is not confined to borders, but its consequences are global.

A Connected Battlefield and The Muslim World

What is happening across Gaza, Iran, and Lebanon is not coincidental but a reflection of a wider ideology. This ideology has roots in Islamophobia, too, but the primary driver here is Israel, supported by the United States.

Each front reflects a different dimension of the same conflict:

  • Gaza: Genocide, humanitarian devastation, and mass displacement
  • Iran: Unprovoked and Imposed War
  • Lebanon: Expansion of active military operations by Israel

Although some countries are trying to help de-escalate the situation, such as Turkiye, Qatar, Pakistan, and Egypt, most have complex responses.

Especially the US military bases in Gulf countries such as Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, and Qatar are being attacked by Iran as a counter-strike.

Rather than observing these events in isolation, using a broader lens makes everything clear.

The future scenario could be a temporary stabilization as Iran brought their 10 points, while the U.S. brought 15 points for the ceasefire to be agreed.

While the efforts to make peace are underway, Israel is still involved in one of the deadliest assaults on Lebanon. The Muslim World should unite at this difficult time, not only for regional stability but also for global peace and prosperity.

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How Gaza Is Losing the People It Needs to Survive

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Gaza’s genocide is often described and portrayed through images of collapsed buildings and rising death tolls. But a deeper loss is silently unfolding amidst the genocide – one that cannot be rebuilt with cement or aid.

Gaza is losing its people – not only through death, but also through forced displacement, unemployment, blocked movement, and the collapse of education, as well as professional life.

Recent figures show how severe this shift has become. Gaza’s unemployment rate has surged to around 80%. Moreover, the overall economy of the Strip has shrunk by nearly 87%, reducing total output to just $362 million. When it comes to the GDP per capita, it has fallen to about $161, wiping out over two decades of development.

Even the people in Gaza are surviving from day to day just to live. At the same time, nearly 70% of Gaza’s population is under the age of 30. So, it is evident that the crisis is not abstract, but all of this is happening to the generation that should be carrying Gaza forward.

From Graduates to Survival

Before the genocide, young Palestinians invested heavily in education. Degrees in engineering, medicine, and business were seen as the only path out of hardship.

However, today, that pathway has completely collapsed. In this context, the story of Mahmoud Shamiya is documented as an example, a university graduate who now spends his days collecting firewood and fetching water in a displacement camp. His words capture the shift clearly: young people have become “aimless, jobless, and hopeless.

So, this is not a temporary setback, but an act of structural genocide. When an economy collapses and movement is extremely restricted, education loses its purpose. Degrees no longer lead to jobs, skills cannot be used, and ambition is replaced by survival.

Education Has Been Torn Apart

The damage to Gaza’s education system is systemic. According to recent credible assessments:

  • Around 658,000 to 660,000 students have lost access to regular education
  • Between 87% and 97% of school buildings have been completely obliterated
  • Immediate damage to the education sector is estimated at $870 million, rising to $3.8 billion over five years

So, in this extremely volatile situation, education has become impossible. Even emergency education funding has faded out. Out of nearly $198 million required, only about 3.3% is estimated to be secured.

This is a complete deliberate collapse of the education sector of Palestinians by Israel.  Students are not simply missing classes — they are losing entire academic years, and in fact, losing most precious years of their lives.

Rafah Is Controlling Who Gets a Future

Yet, for many young Palestinians, the only remaining path forward lies outside Gaza. This is only possible through scholarships, medical placements, or training opportunities abroad.

But that path runs through Rafah, and it is not open. There are hundreds of cases of capable students waiting for the only border to get reopened. For instance, there is a case of Mona Al-Mashharawi. She is a student who secured admission in a university in Algeria, but due to Israel’s restrictions and Rafah closure, she has been trapped for three years. She was meant to leave in November 2023.

There is a complete timeline of the Rafah border:

  • Rafah crossing was seized by Israel in May 2024
  • It reopened only partially in 2026, allowing a limited number of people on foot, just for health emergency cases
  • Movement remains extremely restricted, unpredictable, and insufficient for normal life

Who will be responsible for these innocent dreams and the futures of thousands of young people? Who can bring their most precious years back? It’s part of a broader genocide strategy of Israel to eliminate all the footprints of the Palestinian generations.

The Private Sector Has Been Crushed

Before the genocide, Gaza’s private sector accounted for around 52% of employment. It provided livelihoods through small businesses, services, and local industries.

However, today, that system has completely collapsed. Estimates indicate some harsh realities:

  • Up to 90% of economic sectors have been wiped out
  • Total economic losses are approaching $70 billion

The Loss of Skilled Professionals

The most critical loss is not visible in rubble, but it is the loss of people who make recovery possible.

It is evident that doctors cannot work without hospitals. Engineers cannot build without infrastructure, and teachers cannot teach without schools.

Reports now confirm the displacement of skilled workers during the genocide, adding another layer to the crisis. Those who left took with them education, experience, and institutional knowledge.

Those who remain often cannot function in their professions, and as a result, there is a vacuum.

Even if somehow rebuilding begins tomorrow, the people needed to lead that process are either gone, displaced, or unable to work psychologically or physically.

A Generation Forced Into Survival Mode

Gaza’s youth should have been its greatest strength, but now, they are the most affected group of the heinous genocide.

With absolutely no jobs, no stable education, restricted movement, and destroyed infrastructure, young people are no longer planning futures. They are managing survival day after day.

The long-term effects are clear:

  • Delayed or lost careers
  • Reduced economic recovery
  • Severe psychological trauma
  • Weakened social systems

When an entire generation is pushed into survival mode, the damage does not end with the genocide.

As of now, more than 80% to 90% of Gaza’s population depends entirely on humanitarian aid. The aid is itself extremely restricted, and resultantly making survival extremely challenging.

Even the water supply has been reduced to just around 10% of the overall daily requirement in Gaza.

After all this, one fact is certain: the capacity and the future of Gaza are being eroded in an unprecedented way by Israel and its allies. Unless the world realizes the quest for survival in Gaza, nothing is going to change!

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How Gaza’s Reproductive Life Was Systematically Destroyed

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A traditional frontline in modern warfare is typically a trench or a high military hotspot, but in Gaza, the concept of the frontline has moved towards unimaginable realities. The devastation in Gaza has been widely measured in destroyed homes, shattered hospitals, and tens of thousands of lives lost.

However, there is another dimension in the Gaza genocide that is being unfolded quietly. It is a strike at the very foundation of a people’s future. Israel is systematically moving the frontline of this genocide towards delivery rooms and neonatal wards.

All across Gaza, the conditions required for pregnancy, childbirth, and infant survival have been systematically dismantled. From the complete destruction of fertility clinics to the collapse of maternity care, the impact is no longer limited to the present. It ultimately extends directly into the future.

The Fertility Clinic That Lost Thousands of Embryos

One of the most striking examples of this collapse came with the destruction of Gaza’s largest fertility center. The Al Basma IVF Centre, a facility that offered hope to families struggling with infertility, was badly hit during the genocide. According to credible reports, around 4,000 embryos stored at the clinic were destroyed.

Each embryo represented a future — a family waiting, a life planned, a possibility that no longer exists. The loss of the clinic meant more than the destruction of a building. It erased years of medical effort and removed one of the few pathways to parenthood for many couples in Gaza.

Israel deliberately targeted the maternal health infrastructure of Gaza, making it an unprecedented act in world history. The brutality and hate during the genocide are already evident, as hundreds of thousands of people were martyred.

Births Falling at an Unprecedented Rate

The impact of genocide on reproduction is now visible in Gaza’s birth statistics. Data shows that births in Gaza dropped by 41% in the first half of 2025 compared with 2022.

However, normal demographic shifts do not explain such a sharp decline. It reflects a reality where:

  • Families are displaced repeatedly
  • Healthcare services are severely limited
  • Food shortages and stress affect pregnancy
  • Safety itself is uncertain

When births fall at this scale, it signals more than disruption. It indicates that the conditions necessary for sustaining life are no longer intact.

Pregnancy Under Conditions of Survival

For thousands of women in Gaza, pregnancy has become a daily struggle for survival. Estimates indicate that more than 150,000 pregnant and breastfeeding women have been living under conditions of displacement, food insecurity, and limited medical care. Moreover, many of them lack access to basic prenatal services.

Reports from human rights organisations describe:

  • Malnutrition during pregnancy
  • Lack of clean water
  • Extremely limited access to doctors and medicine

These effects are not secondary but primary as they directly influence maternal health, fetal development, and survival outcomes.

Investigations by Human Rights Watch documented numerous scenes where multiple newborns were forced to share a single incubator. There is an entire strategy of sterilization rooted in colonial history.

Colonizers used forced sterilization as a strategy against the innocent wombs. The Genocide Convention of 1948 explicitly defines measures to stop the birthrate as an act of genocide.

Childbirth Amidst the Genocide

The collapse of Gaza’s healthcare system has transformed childbirth itself. Al-Shifa Hospital and others that once handled routine deliveries are now operating under extreme pressure, or have been damaged or destroyed. Supplies are scarce, electricity is unreliable, and medical staff are overwhelmed.

This is a stark indicator of how far conditions have deteriorated. Childbirth, which requires stability, hygiene, and skilled care, is now taking place in environments where none of those can be found at all.

A Systematic Genocide of a Generation

Numerous international humanitarian organizations, such as Amnesty International, stated that women in Gaza are being denied the basic conditions necessary for life, including reproductive health services.

The continuity of an entire generation of Palestinians is at stake due to these heinous genocidal acts. Reproductive health is not only a medical issue, but it is deeply tied to population stability, family structure, and long-term social continuity.

The destruction of reproductive systems, whether through infrastructure, access, or conditions, has lasting consequences. The intentions of Israel and its allies, including the United States, are absolutely visible. They want to wipe out the word “Palestine” from the face of the earth through every single effort.

Despite the scale of this devastation, the horror remains largely underreported by the Western Media. This silence is actually like taking part in the genocide.

In a nutshell, the ability to sustain life has been severely compromised. Israel has ultimately turned the womb into a battlefield. Specifically in Gaza, the consequences of genocide are no longer confined to the present. They largely extend into the possibility of life itself!

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