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India: Rise in Police Encounters in UP Under Yogi Adityanath’s Leadership

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Since Yogi Adityanath assumed office as the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 2017, the state has witnessed a significant rise in the number of police encounters, sparking intense debate and concerns over human rights violations and extrajudicial killings. While the government argues that these encounters are a necessary tool to combat crime, critics and human rights organizations contend that they raise serious questions about due process, transparency, and the rule of law.

Under the leadership of Chief Minister Adityanath, Uttar Pradesh has experienced a surge in reported encounters between the police and alleged criminals. These encounters often involve suspects in cases ranging from organized crime to petty offenses. The encounters typically result in the death of the alleged criminals, with the police claiming self-defence or retaliatory action.

An investigation of police records by The Indian Express reveals that since March 2017, when Yogi Adityanath took charge, and till date, the state has witnessed 186 encounters. This works out to more than one alleged criminal being killed by the police every 15 days.

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Supporters of Police Encounters

Supporters of these encounters argue that they have contributed to a decrease in crime rates and instilled a sense of safety among the public. The government points to statistics showing a decline in major crimes as evidence of the effectiveness of this approach. However, critics remain skeptical about the veracity of these claims and emphasize the need for a thorough and impartial investigation into each encounter.

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Human Rights Organizations on Police Encounters

Human rights organizations and activists have raised serious concerns regarding the legality and propriety of these encounters. They argue that extrajudicial killings erode the foundations of a democratic society and undermine the principles of justice and fairness. These encounters bypass the judicial process and deny individuals their right to a fair trial, potentially leading to the abuse of power and the violation of human rights.

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Self-defence Claims on Police Encounters

There have been allegations of encounters being staged or manipulated to fabricate self-defense claims. Concerns have also been raised about the lack of transparency surrounding the circumstances of these encounters, with limited independent oversight or mechanisms to ensure accountability. Such issues further erode public trust in law enforcement agencies and the justice system.

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The Uttar Pradesh Government on Police Encounters

In response to mounting criticism, the Uttar Pradesh government has defended the encounters as necessary in the fight against crime and asserts that all encounters are conducted within the framework of the law. They emphasize that these operations are carried out to protect the safety and security of the citizens. However, the lack of independent investigations and public scrutiny has fuelled scepticism and calls for greater transparency.

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The Rise in Police Encounters

The rise in police encounters in Uttar Pradesh under Chief Minister Adityanath’s tenure has drawn attention not only within India but also internationally. Human rights organizations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have expressed concerns about the pattern of extrajudicial killings and the potential violation of human rights. They have called for independent investigations into these encounters to ensure that the principles of justice and human rights are upheld.

Critics argue that a comprehensive approach to law enforcement should prioritize measures such as professional training, intelligence-led operations, and an efficient and impartial judicial system. Strengthening these areas would provide a more sustainable and accountable framework for crime control while preserving the fundamental rights of all individuals.

Balancing the need for effective law enforcement with the protection of human rights and the rule of law remains a significant challenge. It is essential for the Uttar Pradesh government to undertake measures that address these concerns, ensure transparent and independent investigations into encounters, and establish mechanisms for accountability.

The police encounters in Uttar Pradesh since Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath assumed office have ignited a contentious debate over the methods employed in combating crime. Striking the right balance between security and the protection of individual rights is crucial for the state to foster a safe and just society. Upholding the principles of due process, transparency, and accountability will be key to restoring public trust and upholding the rule of law in Uttar Pradesh.

In recent developments, the controversial rise of police encounters in Uttar Pradesh has gained further attention and sparked renewed discussions about the need for accountability and transparency.

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Civil Society and Human Rights Advocacy

Civil society organizations and human rights activists have been vocal in their condemnation of extrajudicial killings and the lack of accountability in encounters. They have continued to raise awareness about the issue through campaigns, public awareness programs, and legal advocacy. These efforts have played a significant role in keeping the issue in the public spotlight and demanding justice for the victims.

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International Attention

The issue of encounters in Uttar Pradesh has drawn international attention. Human rights organizations and foreign governments have expressed their concerns over extrajudicial killings and violations of human rights. The international community has called for independent investigations and accountability, urging the Indian government to uphold its international obligations and protect the rights of all individuals.

While the recent developments indicate a growing recognition of the need for accountability and transparency in encounters, there is still much work to be done. It is crucial for the Uttar Pradesh government to take concrete steps to ensure independent and impartial investigations into encounters, establish mechanisms for accountability, and provide support to victims’ families.

Addressing the root causes of crime, improving the professionalism and training of law enforcement agencies, and strengthening the judicial system are essential components of a comprehensive approach to law enforcement that respects human rights and upholds the rule of law.

The ongoing discussions, judicial interventions, and advocacy efforts are crucial in holding authorities accountable and bringing about systemic reforms. Only through a collective commitment to justice, transparency, and the protection of human rights can Uttar Pradesh strive towards a society where the rule of law prevails and the rights and dignity of all individuals are safeguarded.

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Lack of Accountability

Critics argue that the government has failed to hold law enforcement officials accountable for their actions in encounters. The absence of independent and impartial investigations into these incidents has created an environment where impunity prevails. Without proper scrutiny and consequences for wrongdoing, there is little deterrent to prevent potential abuses of power.

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Insufficient Reforms

While the government has established commissions or committees to examine select encounters, critics contend that these efforts are piecemeal and lack comprehensive reforms. There is a need for systemic changes that address the root causes and structural issues surrounding encounters, such as inadequate training, biased policing, and the absence of transparent protocols.

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Lack of Transparency

Transparency is a crucial aspect of any democratic society. However, critics argue that the government has been reluctant to provide clear and detailed information about encounters, making it difficult to assess their legitimacy. The absence of publicly available data, including information about the number of encounters, the identities of the victims, and the circumstances leading to their deaths, hampers efforts to ensure accountability and justice.

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Scepticism of Official Narratives

There is widespread scepticism among critics regarding the official narratives presented by law enforcement agencies in encounters. The claims of self-defence or retaliatory action are often met with doubts, given the lack of independent verification and the pattern of encounters being used as a means to eliminate alleged criminals without due process.

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Failure to Address Root Causes

Critics argue that encounters, as a response to crime, are a superficial approach that fails to address the underlying causes of criminality. They believe that the government should focus on comprehensive measures such as strengthening community policing, improving socio-economic conditions, and reforming the judicial system to ensure a more effective and sustainable approach to crime prevention.

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The absence of robust action on the part of the current government has led to a growing sense of frustration and disillusionment among human rights activists, civil society organizations, and concerned citizens. They argue that addressing the issue of encounters requires proactive measures, including impartial investigations, reforms in law enforcement practices, and transparency to ensure justice for victims and uphold the rights of all individuals.

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Ceasefire’s Hidden Breaks in Gaza

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The guns may have fallen silent, but Gaza’s agony has not. Behind the headlines of peace and tranquility lies a darker reality. This stark reality comprises starvation, censorship, and political manipulation that continue under the banner of a ceasefire. While global leaders hail a humanitarian pause, aid convoys are stalled, journalists silenced, and civilians still dying slowly from hunger and disease. In reality, Gaza’s genocide has changed its form. The violence now hides behind bureaucracy and severe neglect.

Violence Under a Ceasefire

For months, the ceasefire has been viewed as a turning point, yet the ground tells a different story. Drone strikes, sniper fire, and raids persist in several districts, violating the very spirit of peace. According to reports compiled by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), civilian injuries and detentions have continued despite official claims of calm. Eyewitnesses from central Gaza describe a grim pattern, including Israeli patrols and sporadic shelling, that keeps families in constant fear. What the world calls peace, Gazans still live under siege.

Aid Held Hostage: Politics Over Humanity

Perhaps the cruelest face of this false peace lies in aid distribution. The World Food Programme (WFP) noted that around 560 tonnes of food per day enter Gaza. This is just a fraction of what’s needed to prevent famine. Northern Gaza remains largely unreachable, where thousands survive on animal feed and brackish water. The flow of aid has been repeatedly interrupted over political disputes tied to hostage remains. This conditionality, using food and medicine as bargaining chips, undermines every fundamental principle of humanitarian law.

The Rafah and Kerem Shalom crossings, once gateways for relief, now operate under unpredictable permissions and delays. Aid trucks queue for hours under the desert sun while Gaza’s hospitals ration water and electricity.

“Every delay means another child going hungry,” – Reported by UNRWA

In essence, humanitarian lifelines have become tools of political leverage.

Media Under Lockdown: Silencing the Witnesses

The ceasefire also brought with it a new information war. International journalists are still barred from entering Gaza freely. Local reporters who survived the bombings continue to work under impossible conditions. It includes inadequate conditions like no fuel, no electricity, and no safety guarantees. Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) have documented widespread media censorship and dozens of journalist deaths since the beginning of the conflict. Israel’s military strictly controls embedded reporting, dictating when and where journalists can film.

In a striking statement, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) warned that restricting access to Gaza amounts to concealing potential war crimes. Social media users have therefore become accidental reporters, using short videos, satellite imagery, and testimonies to bypass censorship. The story of Gaza now lives not on front pages but in the phones of those still willing to see.

Famine, Disease, and Displacement

Even under a ceasefire, Gaza’s humanitarian collapse continues to deepen. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that only 13 of Gaza’s 36 hospitals remain partially functional, with most lacking anesthesia, dialysis supplies, and antibiotics. In the north, famine has reached catastrophic levels in Gaza, which is classified as Phase 5 (Famine) by global food security standards. Children are dying not from bullets but from dehydration, malnutrition, and infection.

OCHA reports that more than 1.9 million Palestinians, which is nearly 90% of Gaza’s population, remain displaced. Entire neighborhoods are rubble. Sanitation systems have collapsed, raising fears of cholera and typhoid outbreaks.

Hostage Politics and the Leverage of Suffering

At the heart of Gaza’s stalled recovery is political conditionality. Israel’s decision to scale down aid until Hamas returns more hostages remains, exemplifying how humanitarian access is weaponized. Under international law, such conditional aid violates the Geneva Conventions’ prohibition of collective punishment. Yet, global powers remain muted. The ceasefire, negotiated to save lives, has instead become a bargaining table where civilians pay the price for political deadlock.

Diplomats quietly admit that the truce is being “managed,” not maintained. Every supply truck, every medical convoy, is subject to approval, inspection, and negotiation. What should be unconditional mercy has been turned into transactional diplomacy.

International Complicity and the Moral Cost of Silence

Although the illusion of peace is convenient for international politics, it allows world leaders to claim moral victory without addressing the systemic blockade. Western nations speak of humanitarian concern but continue arms trade and veto UN resolutions that demand accountability. Meanwhile, smaller nations, such as Spain, Ireland, and Norway, among them, have called for sustained aid corridors and recognition of Palestine’s right to self-determination. Yet, the global consensus for justice remains fractured.

Silence has become a strategy. As attention drifts elsewhere, the absence of noise benefits those who profit from impunity. The longer the world calls this peace, the easier it becomes to forget that Gaza is still dying.

The Way Forward

The ceasefire in Gaza is not an end but a hope that the masking under the brutality would end. Beneath its surface lies hunger, disease, silence, and slow death. Since true peace cannot be declared while aid is blocked and voices are silenced, it cannot really exist where food is conditional and suffering is just a political currency. So, we can hope that peace may not be postponed, and the surviving people of Gaza may get what they truly deserve – happiness, peace, and the ultimate prosperity!

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Crimes Against Humanity

Siege to Starvation: Food as a Weapon in Gaza

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Bread should never be a battlefield, yet in Gaza, parents count the hours between air raids and the next bite, trading sleep for a place in a bread line. This is not misfortune but an outcome of the ongoing genocide. Famine has been confirmed in Gaza after months of siege and bombardment. Moreover, the pattern of atrocities by Israel is tragically quite clear: cut the crossings, choke the fuel, bomb the roads, and the entire food system.

Famine in Gaza

On 22 August 2025, the IPC Famine Review Committee confirmed Famine (IPC Phase 5) in Gaza, warning that conditions could spread south without a sustained surge in aid and safety. The famine is not a metaphor but a technical threshold that means households cannot access enough calories or care to survive without immediate, large-scale relief.

Starvation in a place rarely makes a headline, but it is clearly shown in logistics spreadsheets and cratered roads. It can also be felt in the silence of dead ovens and empty tanks.

As per the UN agencies’ estimate, around five hundred to six hundred trucks per day are the minimum to cover basic needs. However, many days in many areas of Gaza fall far short, as a trickle cannot feed two million people. Moreover, there is an increasing fuel scarcity that is killing the cold chain. With electricity unreliable and fuel scarce, bakeries stop, fridges fail, and water systems sputter. In modern times, the families living in besieged Gaza burn scrap wood to boil lentils.

The movement has also been made quite dangerous as roads are continuously bombarded. Moreover, checkpoints and shelling make a bag of flour a life-or-death decision. Food trucks cannot reliably reach warehouses, and people cannot safely reach distribution points.

Food systems are completely dismantled by Israel as fields and greenhouses are destroyed completely or made inaccessible. Fishing is also crippled, and markets and warehouses are devastated or empty. Even when aid enters, the last-mile network is broken.

The Reality of the Human Toll

Hunger creeps, then crashes. UNICEF’s August screenings found roughly 1 out of 5 children in Gaza City acutely malnourished. This pace is increasing day by day. Children are starving, and they fail to gain adequate weight. Moreover, breastfeeding falters when mothers are undernourished, too. In these conditions, water-borne diseases spread faster in bodies that are already depleted.

Mothers stretch tea and bread into a “meal,” or simply skip eating altogether, so toddlers can share a biscuit. Children, on the other hand, stand in bread lines, and schools that became shelters have no kitchens or fuel. Diabetics and dialysis patients, who need predictable food and water, see their survival routines collapse greatly.

Every siege writes a cruel equation, such as calories in versus calories needed. In Gaza, the inputs have been deliberately depressed. Rations that do arrive are often calorie-inadequate for a displaced population; staples that require long boiling are useless without fuel and clean water. High-energy biscuits keep people alive for days, not months.

International Law and the Line That Was Crossed

International humanitarian law prohibits the starvation of civilians as a method of warfare and requires the rapid, unimpeded passage of humanitarian relief. Human Rights Watch has documented how policies that block water, food, fuel, and safe access amount to using starvation as a weapon, a war crime. Whether by design or through reckless disregard for known consequences, the effect is the same: families are deprived of what they need to live.

What Relief Looks Like in Practice

Ending a heinous famine like this one is not a photo-op at a crossing. Completely ending it is about volume, tempo, and safety. Firstly, you should scale the pipeline to a figure of around five hundred to six hundred trucks per day minimum. Fuel should be reconsidered as a humanitarian commodity, including water and health facilities. For example, prices for cooking gas spiked by 4000% in early 2025 compared to pre-war levels. Therefore, families cannot cook even when they get food.

The mass starvation that is fueled by Israeli atrocities is a clear example of human rights violations. Now, the world must act with a renewed spirit before it is too late. Firstly, a permanent ceasefire is the need of the hour. Protection of civilians is also an important step to be taken.

Then, the perpetrators should face the international criminal organizations, as there are numerous cases to be faced, including one on genocide. Unconditional humanitarian access should be on the agenda. UN Resolutions should be followed in true letter and spirit. Moreover, there must be legal accountability as well as sustained funding to make the people of Gaza breathe again.

Bottom Line

Gaza’s hunger crisis is not a side story but actually “the story.” As long as aid is throttled, fuel is scarce, and farms, bakeries, and boats are broke, famine will spread quickly. The metrics may shift week to week, but the moral calculus doesn’t. Bread should not be contraband. Ending the siege on food, in policy and practice, is the minimum standard of humanity!

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Aid Under Fire: How Humanitarian Convoys Are Being Targeted

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Ambulance sirens shouldn’t have to race aid trucks, yet in Gaza, convoys that carry flour, water, and baby formula move like fugitives. These are picked apart by Israel’s atrocities, pinned down by gunfire, and sometimes, struck outright. When the lifeline is attacked, it is not the cargo that is lost but the promise that they are protecting the lives of the oppressed.

A Pattern, Not Just a Series of Accidents

We are long past the language of “tragic mistakes.” The record now shows a pattern: convoys delayed until crowds gather, routes publicly deconflicted and still hit, warehouses bombed, drivers and security volunteers shot at the curb. Each incident ripples outward, NGOs suspend operations, crossings tighten, and hunger grows.

If we look at the ground, there is a completely devastating picture. Trucks crawl through checkpoints and bomb-scarred roads while drones buzz overhead. Crowds surge around the first visible food in days while panic and live fire turn distribution points into trauma scenes. Moreover, routes agreed hours earlier suddenly become kill zones, and the next day, fewer trucks try again.

A Glimpse of Complete Humanitarian Blockade

The Convoy That Never Made It – World Food Programme

In July 2025, a World Food Programme convoy that had just cleared the last checkpoint north of the Zikim crossing drove into a crowd of starving innocents. However, the moment the aid appeared, the area came under intense fire with tanks, snipers, and small arms. Drivers of the convoy threw their bodies over the steering wheels and prayed the cargo would hold. Unfortunately, they made it back with bent fenders and shattered nerves. Ultimately, the food did not reach the families waiting for it.

When Aid Workers Became Targets – World Central Kitchen

The world learned the convoy jargon the night seven World Central Kitchen humanitarians were brutally killed by the Israeli soldiers. Their cars were marked, and the route had already been shared with the authorities. Three vehicles were struck in sequence. Ultimately, the charity suspended its operations, and a single brutal incident froze an entire artery of necessary meals. The message to every other driver was loud and clear: your vest is not a shield.

The People Who Guard the Lifeline

In August 2025, rights monitors catalogued a drumbeat of attacks on innocent Palestinians who escort and guard convoys. These were the men whose job is to keep order when food finally arrives. In multiple incidents across North Gaza and Deir al-Balah, dozens were killed and many more were wounded near the aid trucks they were to protect. Each funeral means one fewer pair of eyes and hands at the next distribution point and another long delay that pushes a hungry crowd to the brink.

Now, one thing is crystal clear – Israel is using every heinous means to block the necessary human rights. Aid is completely blocked in the Gaza Strip, and fuel is scarce. Moreover, roads are almost completely broken, and there is rubble everywhere. The genocide is getting intense day by day, even if there is no militant resistance.

Maritime Hope

When the roads became graves, some tried the sea route. The Global Sumud Flotilla, whichdocked in Tunisia to rest and reload, is a new effort to reach aid to the starving ones. However, two of its vessels were hit by incendiary devices within twenty-four hours. Fires licked their decks as crews scrambled with extinguishers. Moreover, one vessel was attacked by a drone. It was a warning sign by Israel that any flotilla that reached the Gaza Strip would be crushed. Although no one died, the message was the same as on land: keep away from Gaza’s hungry. Earlier flotilla attempts were intercepted in international waters. For crews who trained to haul sacks of rice, the new drills are for drones and flames.

International humanitarian law is not a menu of suggestions, but rather a clear voice that emphasizes the need to protect civilians. Humanitarian relief must be allowed and facilitated rapidly and without obstruction. Aid workers, drivers, and volunteers are not legitimate targets. When convoys are fired upon after routes are agreed, when deconflicted vehicles are hit in sequence, when local volunteers are shot at a distribution point, the rules aren’t being bent; they’re being completely broken.

Numbers cannot catch a mother’s whisper in a bread line. It is a cruel chapter of history to witness. Humanitarian staff are being killed at a rate unprecedented in recent conflicts. For instance, one UN agency has lost hundreds of its own. Countless names of aid convoys never arrived, and routes that only exist on paper—storage that burns, fuel that vanishes, and a queue that grows again the next morning.

Before it’s Too Late!

Safe corridors should be guaranteed, and aid must be allowed in each and every scenario. No law in this world allows the complete stoppage of food and water, and to use them as a weapon of war. UN resolutions and especially the latest UN General Assembly Resolution must be adhered to in true letter and spirit.

A truck loaded with flour is not a political statement but a promise that war will not swallow every last ordinary thing. When that truck is shot at or burned, the message to the civilians is brutal. Ultimately, aid under fire is not simply a violation of international law but a deliberate shredding of the only safety net left.

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