As football fans prepare to watch the 2022 Qatar World Cup from November 20th to December 18th, there has been much contention regarding the nation’s corruption allegations, climate policy concerns, and human rights abuses. Migrant workers in Qatar have faced many horrific abuses, including thousands of unexplainable deaths, forced labour, injuries, and wage theft.
In its efforts to build eight state-of-the-art football stadiums, a cruel and chilling reality is revealedbehind the most popular sporting event worldwide.
With 31 countries qualifying for the tournament, this may be one of the most controversial World Cup’s in history. Additionally, this will be the first time the tournament will take place on Middle Eastern soil.
Ironically, there were fears that the unprecedented heat in Qatar this summer would be dangerous for football fans travelling between stadiums, public transport and hotels. Consequently, FIFA delayed the World Cup by five months. However, this date change signals the severe and looming problem of climate change.
Background to Qatar Human Rights Abuses
This is not the first time a country has extravagantly indulged in a significant sporting event to boost its reputation at the cost of underlying human rights abuses. In 2010 FIFA awarded the 2022 World Cup to Qatar. The country commenced an enormous construction project to build stadiums to host the football tournament costing at least $220 billion.
There are 1.7 million migrant workers in Qatar, comprising over 95% of the workforce in a population of 2.9 million people. Migrant workers enter Qatar under a sponsorship system allowing employers to significantly control their personal lives. Thus, if a sponsor decides to terminate the sponsorship, migrant workers are subject to deportation without any possibility of challenging the decision. The majority of migrant workers are their families’ primary breadwinners. Many have paid exorbitant agency fees to finance their trip to Qatar, making them easily exploitable.
In 2020, the US Department of Justice accused Qatar of bribing top FIFA officials for a hosting position to exacerbate problems. However, FIFA and Qatari organizers denied these accusations.
International Human Rights Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Identify Abuses
Two of the world’s leading international human rights organizations, Human Rights Watch (HRW) and Amnesty International, have condemned FIFA and the Qatar government for their treatment of migrant workers during the tournament’s preparations.
FIFA did not impose labour protection conditions on Qatar when giving them hosting rights despite their horrific human rights record. Consequently, HRW has documented widespread wage abuses consistent over the last decade, even in 2022. This identifies apparent negligence on behalf of FIFA in upholding its international legal obligations.
90 days from Qatar, ZERO federations have yet backed human rights campaign for Fifa to match prize money with compensation
– only a third of 31 qualifiers have had talks with human rights groups
Amnesty International Publish Two Reports Detailing Abuse
Amnesty International released a report in 2016. The report stated that FIFA looked the other way while thousands of migrants were made to work in conditions “amounting to forced labour”. Additionally, over 100 workers were subject to human rights abuses by the companies who employed them in their home countries.
“I remember my first day in Qatar. Almost the very first thing [an agent] working for my company did was take my passport. I haven’t seen it since.”
Shamim, a gardener at the Aspire Zone from Bangladesh
Caption: Migrant workers doing construction works of the Lusail Stadium on December 10, 2019, in Doha, Qatar. Image obtained from Amnesty International.
Furthermore, Amnesty published a second report this year. This report illustrated how migrant workers, mainly from Nepal, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Philippines and Kenya, face numerous human rights cases of abuse, forced labour and exploitation.
What Human Rights Abuses Did Migrant Workers in Qatar Face?
Extortionate recruitment fees.
Deplorable living conditions.
Widespread wage theft.
Unable to leave Qatar or change jobs.
Thousands of unexplained deaths.
1. Extortionate Recruitment Fees
Qatari law prohibits employers from charging migrant workers recruitment fees. Nevertheless, the practice continues, and many migrant workers must take extortionate loans to pay recruitment-related fees in their home countries. Many have to “pay to work” in Qatar and end up in huge debts, unable to support their families.
2. Deplorable Living Conditions
One migrant worker described his living conditions for migrant workers as “pathetic”. In some cases, up to 10 people were squeezed into a tiny room with five bunk beds and no space for personal belongings. Additionally, the toilets were outside, and access was inadequate and unsanitary.
3. Widespread Wage Theft
Thousands of migrant workers in Qatar have been subjected to widespread wage theft. One worker described his life when facing wage theft during the construction of the stadiums. He told a human rights organization that:
“Whether it was walking back and forth in the heat to [Qatar’s] labour court, because the taxi fare was unaffordable, or the helplessness I felt with loans stacking up back home, I had even contemplated suicide. The faces of my family members, especially my mother, kept me through those trying times.”
4. Unable to leave Qatar or Change Jobs
Before 2020, migrant workers were prohibited from changing jobs or leaving Qatar without their employer’s permission. Meanwhile, human rights organizations and trade unions reported numerous cases of excessive working hours, forced labour and other abuses.
5. Thousands of Unexplained Deaths
Qatari authorities have also failed to investigate the causes of the deaths of thousands of migrant workers. An unusual number of these are attributed to “natural causes” while working on the construction of the stadiums. Furthermore, new medical reports have concluded that heatstroke is a likely cause of death of workers in Qatar. Moreover, migrants were forced to work under Qatar’s extreme heat and humidity without adequate protection.
“The sudden and unexpected deaths of often young and healthy migrant workers in Qatar have gone uninvestigated by Qatari authorities, in apparent disregard for workers’ lives”
Sarah Lee Whitson, Middle East director at Human Rights Watch.
Deaths under “natural causes” are automatically categorized as non-work-related. Consequently, Qatar’s labour law denies families compensation, leaving many of them poverty-stricken in the absence of the family breadwinner.
Most Expensive World Cup of All Time
This is a list of what the World Cup costs have looked like since the United States hosted in 1994:
United States 1994: $500 million
France 1998: $2.3 billion
Japan 2002: $7 billion
organizations $4.3 billion
South Africa 2010: $3.6 billion
Brazil 2014: $15 billion
Russia 2018: $11.6billion
Qatar 2022: $220 billion
An Urgent Need For Action
With the World Cup soon approaching, now is the time we must stand up for the rights of these migrant workers and their families.
On May 17th 2022, in a joint open letter, human rights organizations urged FIFA president, Gianni Infantino, to take action. Moreover, the letter urged FIFA to work with the Qatar government, trade unions, and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to formulate a comprehensive programme to remedy all labour abuses to which FIFA contributed.
Qatar has obligations under international human rights law to prevent widespread human rights violations and to ensure remedy for every abuse on its territory. Additionally, FIFA has clear responsibilities under the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights to remedy these violations.
Furthermore, FIFA has been asked tocompensate $440 million in prize money as a token of compensation to the victims. This contribution would represent just a fraction of FIFA’s anticipated $6 billion revenues from the tournament.
Billions of people will tune in to watch the most popular football tournament in the world but will they be aware of the sacrifice, abuse and torture that was endured to make it possible?
A surgeon can sometimes read a battlefield from the condition of wounds it leaves behind. In Gaza, doctors have described bodies unimaginably pierced by tiny metal fragments that cause far greater damage than the skin first reveals. Unfortunately, similar injuries are now being reported in Lebanon. Although the place has changed, the pattern is becoming familiar.
These are small entry wounds, causing deep internal destruction. While civilians are being pulled from rubble, hospitals are overwhelmed, and Israel calls it “security.” Israel’s ongoing genocide in Gaza has already shown the world what happens when a civilian population is heavily bombed, starved, displaced, and left without a functioning health system.
Lebanon is now witnessing a face of Israel that is not hidden to anyone, as the assault carries many of the same signatures. Although not the same history, geography, or logic, Israel is destroying the conditions of ordinary life and targeting civilian lives as it has been doing in Gaza for years.
The Tungsten Cubes Linking Gaza and Lebanon
One of the most alarming links between Gaza and Lebanon is the use of weapons that release tiny tungsten cubes. These small metal cubes were already seen in Gaza injuries, and these are not just ordinary metal cube fires.
Human Rights Watch also documented similar fragments in Gaza in its 2009 report named “Precisely Wrong.” It found tiny metal cubes, about 3mm on each side, in victims’ bodies and numerous other strike sites. When they brought them into the laboratory, they found that it was tungsten, with traces of nickel and iron. These are usually fired using a Spike Missile.
The real cruelty of this kind of fragmentation is that it is not always visible at first glance. For instance, a person may have small wounds on the outside while the inside of the body is torn apart. These dense metal fragments can rip through organs, blood vessels, nerves, and bone. Especially for children, the elderly, and the people already weakened by hunger or displacement, survival becomes even harder.
Gaza’s Genocide as a Warning
The heinous genocide in Gaza has already shown the full horror of Israel’s cruel methods. Palestinians have been martyred in staggering numbers, entire neighborhoods have been flattened, and families have been buried under concrete.
The suffering did not end with the so-called “ceasefire language.” Even on May 10, 2026, Israeli strikes killed numerous innocent Palestinians. In this context, Gaza’s health officials have highlighted that more than 850 Palestinians have been killed since the ceasefire that was announced in October 2025.
When it comes to the humanitarian figures, the World Food Programme has reported that 1.6 million people, around 77% of Gaza’s population, are facing acute food insecurity. It also includes 100,000 children and around 37,000 pregnant and breastfeeding women. These are not just background statistics but a daily reality of a population being forced to survive without enough food, medicine, shelter, or safety.
Moreover, hospitals in Gaza reflect the same story. Gaza’s entire medical system has been brutally attacked, besieged, deprived of fuel, and overwhelmed by mass injuries. Doctors have performed amputations in absolutely impossible circumstances. Patients have lain on rubble-led floors while premature babies, cancer and dialysis patients, and trauma victims have all been broken by siege and bombardment.
Lebanon Is Seeing the Same Pattern
Unfortunately, Lebanon is now being dragged into the same machinery of destruction. More than 2,700 people had been killed in Lebanon since March 2026, with more than 1.2 million displaced. Israel also struck Beirut even after a ceasefire had been declared, marking a dangerous escalation and exposing how fragile such ceasefires become when Israel continues to reserve the right to bomb.
The strikes have not been limited to empty fields or isolated military positions. On May 9, an Israeli strike on the southern Lebanese town of Saksakiyeh killed at least seven innocent people, including a child, and wounded 15 others. Emergency responders were seen searching through the wreckage.
In addition to that, Israeli airstrikes in southern Lebanon killed people in Toura and Kfar Chouba, including a paramedic, while residents of villages in Tyre province had received evacuation warnings.
Ceasefire Without Safety
The word “ceasefire” has become painfully empty for many Palestinians and Lebanese civilians. In Gaza, a ceasefire did not stop the genocide, including killing, starvation, or fear. While in Lebanon, a ceasefire has not stopped Israeli strikes, displacement, or the expansion of insecurity.
The United Nations warned Israeli strikes in Lebanon may breach the ceasefire, while Lebanese authorities said nearly 2,500 people had already been killed by late April amid heavy damage to civilian infrastructure.
However, the great imbalance of destruction remains central. Gaza has been turned into rubble. South Lebanon is now facing repeated bombardment, village evacuations, damaged infrastructure, and mass displacement. The same vocabulary appears again and again: “targets,” “militants,” “security,” “precision.” Yet beneath that language are innocent families, children, doctors, drivers, farmers, shopkeepers, and rescue workers.
Shockingly, 47 women and girls are being killed in Gaza every single day. A recent UN report mentioned more than 38,000 women slaughtered by Israel during its heinous genocide. Previously, in 2024, the health ministry in Gaza estimated that 70% of those killed in the war were women and children.
Moreover, the impact on Gaza’s healthcare sector is so severe that death figures are hard to evaluate in real terms. This demonstrates the severity of the gender-based violence that Gaza’s residents are enduring, even after the so-called “ceasefire” in 2026.
Impact of Israel’s Genocide on Women and Girls
The UN Women’s report also documents almost 19,000 injured women and girls who have been permanently disabled from their injuries. The Head of Humanitarian Action at UN Women said: “This is the highest percentage in any conflict to date and the highest percentage of women killed in any conflict ever recorded.”
Several medical professionals who have practiced within the Gaza Strip have reported that most of the breastfeeding mothers have not been able to provide breastmilk for their child due to malnutrition, the loss of a loved one, or lack of medical care.
By early 2026, the official figures from the Ministry of Health in Gaza estimate more than 50,000 women have been killed, but this is most likely an underestimation due to the number of people left under rubble.
There is also credible evidence of sexual violence during the genocide. For instance, in a statement issued in 2024, the United Nations’ Special Representative regarding sexual violence during genocide called for an objective investigation of “credible allegations of sexual assault” of Palestinians in detention, including females being detained by the Israelis.
Maternal Health and Obstetric Care
Pregnant women and new mothers in Gaza are facing a severe maternal healthcare crisis. Hospital infrastructure continues to be bombed by Israeli airstrikes, leaving fewer resources available for providing maternal care. Maternal healthcare resources have also been severely limited, as well as the ability to respond to maternal emergencies.
Women who are giving birth to children are being exposed to an increased risk of maternal death. They are giving birth at healthcare centres that have been partially abolished and are unable to provide surgical intervention. Moreover, some hospitals that are still left lack basic tools such as anaesthesia. The World Health Organisation has been reporting that disruption to the delivery of healthcare and access to medical supplies is directly related to the peak hostilities in northern Gaza.
The UNFPA refers to the Gaza Strip as the most dangerous place in the world for a woman to give birth, due to the increase in the rate of infant mortality. It is reported that an average of 15 women give birth to children outside the hospital per week with no assistance, and if a woman can give birth in a hospital:
C-sections were being performed without anaesthesia in many places, as reported by MSF staff from field hospitals.
There was an increase in maternal deaths due to hospital closures because of a lack of electricity, surgical services, and staff.
Women’s Right to Food, Water, and Shelter in Gaza
The sieges and destruction of the infrastructure create immense problems for women in particular. Women and men have been forced into shelters with abysmal sanitation. Both UNFPA and UN Women have reported the lack of sanitary products, privacy, and safe water for washing in many displacement sites. These are not insignificant aspects, as for protracted displacement, lack of sanitation and hygiene infrastructure leads to illnesses, poor health, and increased vulnerability.
Additionally, numerous impacts have also occurred due to food insecurity. Pregnant and lactating women have been among the first affected by severe malnutrition. Nearly 790,000 womenand girls are living with crisis and catastrophic levels of food insecurity, according to UN Women.
Psychological services are also lacking since most people in Gaza suffer from trauma, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Women who have lost their husbands and multiple members of their families are experiencing major problems with their mental health.
Data Does Not Reveal the Suffering and Trauma of Gaza Women
A young Palestinian girl, Mona, described her mother and sister dying instantaneously due to a bomb, and she found “pieces of their bodies“. She reported herself being completely numb, and stories such as hers occurred throughout Gaza. Hind Rajab, a 5-year-old Palestinian girl, was shot 335 times by an Israeli tank. There are a lot of horrific stories of Gaza women.
In a nutshell, women’s rights in Gaza, broadly construed, have been assaulted not just by violence but by the destruction of mechanisms of health care, legal, and other services. This is the starting point for any objective assessment of this unprecedented genocide. It must be stopped before the atrocities of Israel and its allies start to engulf the entire world.
The situation in Sudan is now more than just another news story. The conflict, which broke out in April 2023, is now in its fourth year and has left tens of thousands dead, more than 14 million people displaced (nearly a quarter of the population), and pushed the country to the brink of famine. But beyond Sudan’s borders, the war is barely making headlines.
What started as an internal power struggle between two generals has descended into a bloody impasse, rending communities, decimating hospitals, and weaponizing food. Behind the conflict, there’s a bigger story: how this overlooked war is revealing the ugly divisions in the Muslim world. Rather than solidarity, we witness vested interests, selective muteness, and an idealised concept of Muslim unity replaced by geopolitics.
Sudan War 2026: What’s Happening?
The Sudanese war is a battle between two armies:
General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan’s Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF)
General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), also known as “Hemedti.”
The RSF controls most of Darfur and Kordofan, and has solidified its control in most of Khartoum and its surroundings. Contrarily, the SAF controls the north and some of the east, and recently began counterattacks in Omdurman. Both sides are far from victory and the peace table. Humanitarian assistance is being looted and stolen. Furthermore, rape is being reported at a “catastrophic” rate.
There are more than 4.4 million refugees in neighbouring nations like Chad, South Sudan, and Egypt.
Over 21 million people are in need of humanitarian aid because of famine or malnutrition in areas such as El Fasher and Kadugli.
Hospitals and humanitarian assistance are also heavily affected by the conflict with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting over 200 hospital attacks during the war.
What Caused the Civil War in Sudan?
There are three primary causes behind this unfortunate crisis as follows:
Competition and Conflict among Factions
The military forces in Sudan removed President Omar al-Bashir from power and established a transitional government council made up of two opposing armies, as mentioned earlier. The leaders of these two forces colluded to delay power to a civilian government in 2021, staging a coup.
Political Instability after Regime Change
A short-lived democracy ensued after the revolution of 2019. There were no leaders, parties were torn, and the international community was silent. When Bashir was pushed aside, institutions were filled with armed groups with guns and money.
Economic and Regional Inequalities
Sudan has a long history of disparities. There have been instances of discrimination and attacks on regions, such as Darfur. The poor areas suffered from inflation and a resource war, which ultimately divided Sudan.
Sudan has many resources, such as gold in Darfur and a beautiful Nile Valley. RSF had support in Darfur, whereas SAF in the north and east, as previously highlighted.
Who’s Financing the Conflict?
The other question is who finances the war in Sudan. This is a mixture of domestic and international sources. Funding sources include:
Natural resource funding: The RSF owns many of the gold mines that give it enough resources to fight.
Regional Powers: Some states are secretly helping SAF against the massive forces of RSF.
In short, the RSF is suspiciously linked with the United Arab Emirates, which is allegedly involved in arms and gold smuggling in Darfur. However, the UAE denies military aid, but is being sued by Sudan in the International Court of Justice. The RSF has mining profits and a government of the occupied territory. On the other hand, SAF has Egypt, the Nile, and the border. The legitimate government has the backing of Saudi Arabia and others.
Sudan and the Muslim World in Crisis
The Muslim world has been facing a multi-faceted crisis for the past two years that has similar patterns. There has been international intervention on a scale, wars for resources, failed or failing states, and the international community is divided to tackle the crises. Rather than consensus, there is disunity and division.
The nature of these crises is different, but the common thread is that there is no unity among Muslim-majority countries and organisations.
Israel is currently involved in genocidal activities like bombing and starving Gaza. The agreement between Lebanon and Israel was supposed to be kept, yet Lebanon remains vulnerable to attacks and is displaced from reconstruction.
Iran is recovering from the war with Israel and the US. It is suffering economically from sanctions, attacks, and trade issues.
Yemen and Syria continue to suffer from war, while Pakistan and Bangladesh have experienced political upheaval.
However, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation has been unable to respond significantly to any of these events.
The Way Forward
Peace involves putting an end to combat and the cessation of fighting between opponents and allowing them to embrace reconciliation. The international community must adopt a new approach to the problem that would involve fewer arms and increased humanitarian aid.
Gaza and Sudan represent a case of uneven consensus among the Muslims. It is therefore the need of the hour to tackle all the challenges with the strong and practical notion of the Muslim Brotherhood.