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Ethnic Cleansing and Crimes Against Humanity in Ethiopia’s Western Tigray Zone

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What is Happening in Ethiopia’s Western Tigray Zone?

Many reports of ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity have emerged in Ethiopia’s Western Tigray zone. The Ethiopian civil war is now entering its 16th month of brutal conflict. Under the rule of the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed, the Ethiopian military, ethnic militias and Eritrean troops are fighting to oust the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (T.P.L.F.) from Western Tigray.

Mr Abiy tried diminishing the T.P.L.F.’s power and influence which has dominated Ethiopian politics for almost thirty years. The prime minister declared a state of emergency in November 2020 when Tigrayan fighters surged toward the capital in revolt against the government. Nevertheless, Mr Abiy forced the Tigrayans back to their northern homeland, but the conflict continued. Armed forces from the neighbouring Amhara region, who entered Tigray to support Mr Abiy, are “deliberately and efficiently rendering Western Tigray ethnically homogeneous through the organized use of force and intimidation”.

Also Read: Ethiopian Crisis: What is Behind the Worsening Humanitarian Crisis?

Killings, Rape and Crimes Against Humanity in Western Tigray Zone

Armed forces have been waging a campaign of ethnic cleansing against the Tigrayans. Furthermore, Ghent University has estimated that more than half a million people died in the war. Furthermore, more than two million people are displaced, pushing parts of the region into famine-like conditions. Ethiopian authorities have severely restricted access and independent scrutiny of the region, which has resulted in any reports of ethnic cleansing mainly kept concealed.

Furthermore, these widespread human rights violations include killings, rape, mass detentions, and forcible transfers. In April 2022, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch (H.R.W.) stated in a joint report that these abuses amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity. This comprehensive report contains information from 427 interviews with survivors, family members and witnesses. In addition, the World Health Organization’s Director-General, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, an Ethiopian, stated that there is “nowhere on earth where the health of millions of people is more under threat than in the Tigray region”.

Also Read: Ethiopian Crisis: What is Behind the Worsening Humanitarian Crisis?

What is ‘Ethnic Cleansing’?

International human rights law for not formally define ethnic cleansing. However, the United Nations Commission of Experts investigated violations of international humanitarian law in the former territory of Yugoslavia. During this investigation, ‘ethnic cleansing’ was described as a “purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas by violent and terror-inspiring means.”

The United Nations consistently uses ‘ethnic cleansing’ in resolutions, reports, judgments and indictments of individuals accused before international courts and tribunals.

Ethnic Cleansing in Western Tigray Zone

Hundreds of Thousands Expelled From Their Homes in Western Tigray Zone

Amhara forces, militias, and recently appointed authorities began a coordinated campaign of ethnically targeted persecution against the Tigrayans in late 2020. Moreover, Tigrayans were instructed to leave through signs posted across the Western Tigray zone. Shockingly, 24-hour or 72-hour ultimatums to leave or be killed were issued to local civilians forcing thousands of Tigrayans into long-term overcrowded detention centres. Additionally, human rights groups believe that thousands remain in these centres facing life-threatening circumstances. There are reports of security forces using gang rape, abduction, sexual slavery and physical and verbal abuse against Tigrayans.

wo displaced Ethiopian women live in a tent after being forced to flee their homes in the Western Tigray region due to ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.
Caption: Two displaced Ethiopian women live in a tent after being forced to flee their homes in the Western Tigray region due to ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity.

Ethiopian paramilitaries have systematically expelled several hundred thousand Tigrayan civilians from their homes. There are reports of unlawful killings, sexual violence, arbitrary mass detention, pillage, forcible transfer, and the denial of humanitarian assistance by Amhara forces. The map below shows the region of Western Tigray.

The image depicts a map of the Western Tigray Zone in Ethiopia.
Caption: The image depicts a map of the Western Tigray Zone in Ethiopia.

Moreover, human rights groups have highlighted the Ethiopian government’s complicity in these violations against the Tigrayan people in their recent investigations.

“Ethiopian authorities have steadfastly denied the shocking breadth of the crimes that have unfolded and have egregiously failed to address them”

Kenneth Roth, Director of Human Rights Watch.

Tigrinya Language Banned Across Western Tigray Zone

Since November 2020, there has been a ban on the Tigrinya language across the Western Tigray zone. Signs across the region tell locals that they must speak Amharic. This can be difficult for Tigrayans when dealing with administrative work or accessing essential services. Tigrinya music is prohibited, and Amhara forces physically beat those who use this language for any purpose.

New Identification Cards Issued and Personal Documents Confiscated

The Amhara region has selectively issued new identification cards across Western Tigray. Consequently, this has limited the rights of those who have not received a new card. Hence, many Tigrayans are refused identity cards, as authorities claim “they do not deserve it”. The new identification cards grant civilians free movement throughout the region. Additionally, they provide access to essential services and the right to submit complaints. Many locals have no access to life-saving health services and medicines due to these discriminatory restrictions imposed.

Also Read: Ethiopia: millions still cut-off from the urgent humanitarian aid.

Therefore, this is the Amhara forces’ way of forcibly removing the Tigrayan civilian population from the Western Tigray region. Hence, Amhara forces confiscated and destroyed many of the Tigrayans’ documents. This severely hinders Tigrayans’ ability to access services and continue to live everyday life in the region. Amhara forces are implementing these measures of ‘ethnic cleansing’ to support Mr Abiy in his pursuit of eliminating the T.P.L.F. and the Tigrayan ethnicity from the region.

Dozens of Civilians Killed by Suspected Crimes Against Humanity

The Ethiopian government has carried out many airstrikes killing thousands of people throughout the conflict. In January 2022, an airstrike hit a school compound at Dedebit, where thousands of displaced Tigrayans were staying. There were no signs of military targets at the compound, which strongly implies that this was not an accidental attack. The airstrike killed 57 civilians, mainly women, children and older adults, sleeping in tents.

The number of government airstrikes in Tigray increased dramatically in December 2021. Approximately 304 people died and 373 injured in attacks between November 2021 and February 2022. Any violations of the laws of war committed with deliberate or reckless criminal intent are classified as war crimes.

What Happens Next?

H.R.W. has held that the Ethiopian authorities should ensure that humanitarian organizations have immediate access to the region to deliver aid and essential services.

It is imperative to release all those arbitrarily detained and investigate and appropriately prosecute those responsible for abuses such as ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity. If the two parties reach a consensual agreement, then the African Union should deploy international peacekeeping forces to the region to ensure everyone’s safety.

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Gaza Flotilla Activists Face Extreme Israeli Abuse as the World Watches the Blockade’s Brutality

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Credit-Courtesy-Gulcin-Bekar

The Global Sumud Flotilla, which was made up of 40 vessels, tried to sail towards Gaza with much-needed humanitarian aid and a direct challenge to Israel’s blockade. Unfortunately, Israeli forces intercepted the boats in international waters and detained around 430 activists.

It is not a story of a blocked aid mission but a collection of facts revolving around intense abuse, humiliation, anger, and a brutal reminder of what Gaza’s blockade really means. For the people of Gaza, the flotilla is a symbol of hope, but for Israel, it is being perceived as a threat to its heinous genocidal mission.

A Hope Against the Siege

For decades, Gaza’s people have lived under an intense blockade that restricts movement, controls access to goods, separates families, and turns humanitarian relief into a political bargaining tool. Since Israel’s genocide in Gaza intensified, the siege has become even deadlier.

Hunger, destroyed hospitals, mass displacement, disease, and extreme shortages of fuel and medicine now shape daily life. This is why flotilla mattered, but the question that the world is asking is legitimate: Why should food, medicine, and solidarity be treated as crimes?

The flotilla, as a hope for the people of Gaza, who are suffering from famine and diseases, was intercepted by Israel about 250 miles or roughly 400 km off Gaza’s coast. These aid vessels were still far from Gaza when Israeli forces illegally captured them from international waters.

Analysts are highlighting that these flotilla activists, who volunteered from more than 40 countries, were not entering an Israeli city or attacking any military base. In fact, they were sailing through open waters to help innocent people who were dying of extreme hunger and bombardment.

Extreme Abuse by Israel

After the release of some of the detainees, they described inhumane treatment that had never been imagined before. South African activists highlighted that they were electrically shocked, denied water, food, and toilets, and were kept in abysmal conditions.

Moreover, most of the activists said that they were sexually assaulted in a very harsh manner. Some other activists also reported extreme beating and humiliation. For example, 15 cases of sexual assault, including rape, have been reported during May 2026.

Ben-Gvir Turned Humiliation into Spectacle

The most shameful moment came from Israeli minister Itamar Ben-Gvir. Even the government of France banned him from entering French territory after he taunted zip-tied detainees and waved an Israeli flag over them. France’s foreign minister called his actions “unspeakable,” and Poland also imposed a five-year ban.

He also shared footage of restrained activists, triggering international outrage and calls for broader European sanctions.

This was not hidden mistreatment accidentally exposed. It was deliberately performed, and the minister chose to stand over bound detainees and turn their humiliation into a political message.

When a genocidal state official proudly films powerless detainees, cruelty is no longer a secret, but a policy theatre.

Airport Violence Added Another Layer

It did not end with unlawful detention and punishment, as another episode of extreme humiliation was shown at the airport. At the Bilbao Airport, after some activists returned from Israeli detention, police harshly beat them. Videos showed some police officers brutally beating and dragging humanitarian activists.

This was just a glimpse of how Israel treats people who come to help humanity. They were maltreated in such an inhumane way to make them an example for the world. Anyone who comes to Gaza to help people will either be killed or detained in death-like prisons.

In this scenario, words are not enough as Palestinians remain heavily trapped, and those trying to reach them are harshly beaten, detained, deported, or killed. Condemnation must turn into legal action, sanctions, arms restrictions, diplomatic costs, and pressure to end the genocide.

The World Saw the Blockade’s Face

Israel may deny everything, but the world knows about its genocidal policies far better than ever before. It may deport activists and call the flotilla a provocation, but this episode revealed something the world should not unsee.

Even some activists from Brazil and Spain are still detained by Israel, and they are being punished in unprecedented ways. In this regard, Amnesty International also reported several injuries to these flotilla activists during detention.

After observing all this, one thing is certain: Israel is trying to eliminate Palestine from the world map and make every effort to stop necessary aid from reaching Gaza. Nobody can imagine the instances of cruelty by Israel in the 21st century. Even the International Court of Justice has urged this prolonged genocide to be stopped as soon as possible; otherwise, life in Gaza is under extreme threat.

Gaza’s isolation is being enforced with extreme cruelty. This time, the world did not have to imagine it. It is already watching!

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Gaza’s Disease Crisis: How Hunger and Siege are Burning Children’s Skin

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In Gaza, children’s skin is now the harbinger of uninhabitable conditions and a brutal siege. Painful rashes, infections, scabies, sores, and wounds are spreading throughout Gaza. This is mainly due to overcrowded camps where families have a shortage of water, food, medicine, and almost no safe space left to live.

Credible reports also highlight that children in Gaza are suffering from severe, burn-like rashes as skin diseases surge in most displacement camps. Although adults are suffering from these diseases too, the crisis is hitting children the hardest because they have less immunity.

Moreover, healthcare services have collapsed, shelters are overcrowded, and families are unable to access necessities like water, soap, medicine, or even proper nutrition. In fact, it is not a natural health crisis, but a manifestation of what happens when bombing, blockade, hunger, sewage collapse, waste piles, insects, heat, and medical shortages are enforced.

Ultimately, Gaza’s innocent children are not only surviving genocide, but also unprecedented diseases that the genocide is leaving behind.

An Unusual Rash That Tells a Bigger Story

A skin infection may sound insignificant compared with air strikes and famine, but in Gaza, it is not small.

A painful rash on a properly nourished child with clean water, soap, and a clinic nearby can be treated adequately. But a deadly rash on a malnourished, famine-driven child in a hot tent, surrounded by sewage, insects, and garbage, can become a painful and dangerous infection. Parents are watching their children with bleeding skin, while hospitals are obliterated and no longer exist.

Skin diseases are spreading throughout Gaza’s camps. As summers are approaching, healthcare workers fear more deadly consequences than in 2024, when at least 150,000 people suffered from severe skin diseases.

Hunger Weakens Children Before Disease Arrives

Undoubtedly, hunger makes every illness worse. Malnourished children have weaker immune systems, slower healing, and less ability to fight infections.

The IPC projected that nearly 71,000 children under five in Gaza would be acutely malnourished between April 2025 and March 2026, including 14,100 severe cases.

Moreover, it is estimated that nearly 17,000 pregnant and breastfeeding women would need treatment for acute malnutrition. That means thousands of children are facing disease with bodies already weakened by starvation.

Sewage, Waste and Insects Are Feeding the Crisis

Gaza’s damaged sanitation system is also driving the spread of severe diseases. OCHA reported that only 16 of Gaza’s 73 sewage pumping stations were operational. About 40,000 cubic metres of sewage per day were being discharged into the sea, residential areas, and groundwater.

This is not only an environmental disaster but a direct assault on people’s health. Sewage contaminates living areas, spreads bacteria, attracts insects, and makes basic hygiene almost impossible.

In addition to sewage, solid waste is another danger. OCHA also reported that about 470,000 cubic metres of waste had accumulated in southern Gaza alone, creating severe congestion and raising fire and health risks as summer heat builds.

UNRWA has also reported increases in ectoparasitic diseases such as scabies, while poor water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions continue to drive infestations and infections.

For displaced families, this means tents beside garbage, children sleeping near insects, and parents trying to wash wounds with water that may itself be unsafe.

Israel Is Turning Camps into Disease Traps

Heat makes everything worse. It increases sweating and irritation, promotes insect breeding, accelerates waste decay, and turns tents into suffocating spaces where people cannot rest, recover, or stay clean.

In normal conditions, summer requires more water, more hygiene, and better shelter. Gaza has the opposite: less water, fewer hygiene supplies, overcrowded camps, and a shattered health system.

Palestinian families also have the right to clean clothes, safe toilets, shaded shelter, and medical care. Unfortunately, they have none of these. At first, a child’s skin becomes irritated by heat, then infected by scratching, then worsened by dirt, flies, and untreated wounds. What begins as discomfort becomes another layer of human suffering.

Firstly, Israel pushed the people of Gaza towards abysmal displacement camps after bombing the entire strip. Then it deliberately stopped water, food, and all basic human necessities from reaching those people. In fact, it is the worst form of genocide the world has ever witnessed.

Healthcare Cannot Keep Up

Gaza’s remaining doctors are facing multiple crises at once, including burns, amputations, trauma, dehydration, infections, maternal emergencies, and disease outbreaks.

The World Health Organization reported that by August 2025, 34 of Gaza’s 36 hospitals had been damaged and only 18 were partially functioning. It also said only 39 percent of Gaza’s primary healthcare facilities were functioning.

Moreover, treatment for injured Gaza children has been threatened by Israeli restrictions on supplies and aid organizations.

Now, the need of the hour is to provide clean water, hygiene kits, antibiotics, antifungal medicines, antiseptics, and dermatology treatments at first. There should also be fuel for sewage systems, waste-removal equipment, safer shelters, adequate food supplies, and nutrition support for innocent children and mothers.

In a nutshell, these surging deadly diseases are a warning the world should not ignore. When hunger, heat, blockade, and genocide are allowed to continue, disease becomes another weapon against childhood. These wounds are not only some medical symptoms, but the proof of a system that has made survival extremely painful.

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The Greater Israel Project: Gaza’s Genocide and Expansionist Designs

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Israel does not need to announce a “Greater Israel” project formally, but its heinous actions are already acting as a harbinger of that. It is visible in the bombed neighborhoods of Gaza and the expanding settlements of the West Bank. Moreover, it is conspicuous after observing the suffocating control of East Jerusalem, and the graves, homes, farms, roads, and villages that Palestinians keep losing piece by piece.

This is not just an abstract map or a political theory. Creation of a Greater Israel is part of Israel’s strategic plans. It is a checkpoint that controls a morning commute, a settlement road that cuts through land, and like a demolition order on a family home. It is a military raid in a refugee camp, and a child born in an abysmal tent. It is the father whose body is forced out of his own grave because settlers claim the land.

When observed together, Gaza, the West Bank, Jerusalem, Lebanon, and the Iranian war are all part of an expanding regime plan.

What “Greater Israel” Looks Like Today

The phrase “Greater Israel” is often connected to the dreams of permanent Israeli sovereignty over all historic Palestine, and even beyond it. But the danger today is not only in speeches or old maps. It is in policy.

The phrase “Greater Israel” is not just limited to Israel and Palestine but even far beyond it. It is to engulf Lebanon, parts of Syria, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, and more.

In this context, modern expansion does not always arrive through one dramatic declaration. It comes through:

  • Settlement approvals
  • Land seizures
  • Military zones
  • Settler-only roads
  • Home demolitions
  • Forced displacement
  • Restrictions around holy sites
  • The fragmentation of Palestinian towns
  • Genocide

The language may change, as Israeli leaders may speak of “security,” “sovereignty,” “buffer zones,” or “biblical land.” But the result is completely aligned with the idea of Greater Israel, no matter how many countries have to be demolished.

Gaza’s Genocide and the Logic of Erasure

Gaza is the most brutal example of this absurd logic. Israel’s Gaza genocide has not only martyred Palestinians; it has attacked the foundations of Palestinian life itself. Homes, schools, hospitals, mosques, universities, roads, water systems, aid routes, and entire neighborhoods have been reduced to ruins.

In this context, Amnesty International concluded in December 2024 that Israel had seriously committed genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. It cited killings, serious bodily and mental harm, mass displacement, destruction of vital infrastructure, obstruction of aid, and conditions of life calculated to bring about physical destruction.

This matters because genocide is not only measured through death counts. It is also measured through what is made impossible, such as safe birth, clean water, medical care, education, burial, return, shelter, and ordinary family life.

In Gaza, Israel has turned survival into a daily negotiation with hunger, rubble, disease, fear, and displacement.

The West Bank Is Being Annexed Without a Formal Announcement

While Gaza is bombed and starved by Israel, the West Bank is being absorbed through illegal settlements. In March 2026, the UN Human Rights Office said Israel had accelerated unlawful settlement expansion and annexation across the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, forcibly displacing over 36,000 Palestinians amid rising violence by Israeli forces and settlers.

Additionally, Amnesty International warned in February 2026 that Israeli authorities had launched unlawful measures designed to dispossess Palestinians and make annexation of the West Bank “an irreversible reality.” Recent UN findings also noted that nearly 64,000 housing units had been advanced in East Jerusalem and the West Bank. At the same time, the UN warned of a campaign to gain control of Palestinian land with minimal Palestinian presence.

Eventually, piece by piece, the land is being reorganized around Israeli permanence and Palestinian uncertainty.

Jerusalem: The Crown of the Project

East Jerusalem is central to the Greater Israel vision because it carries history, religion, politics, and symbolism. Israel captured East Jerusalem illegally in 1967 and later annexed it, a move widely rejected internationally. Palestinians see East Jerusalem as the capital of their future state.

Yet Palestinian life in the city is steadily squeezed through home demolitions, residency restrictions, settler encroachment, police control, and repeated provocations around al-Aqsa Mosque. Jerusalem Day marches through Palestinian neighborhoods are not innocent celebrations. They are performances of domination in a city where Palestinians are treated as obstacles to someone else’s sovereignty.

For Muslims around the globe, al-Aqsa is not a political prop, but a highly sacred ground. For Palestinians, Jerusalem is not a slogan, but home. Israel’s control over the city is therefore not only territorial. It is psychological and spiritual at the same time.

When it comes to the legal picture, in July 2024, the International Court of Justice said Israel’s continued presence in the occupied Palestinian territory is unlawful and that Israel must end its occupation as rapidly as possible. The court also said Israel should stop settlement activity and evacuate settlers from the occupied territory. But who will enforce these regulations? The real issue is the absence of law and the relentless support of the United States to Israel on the global stage and in the UN through its veto power.

Final Thoughts

In conclusion, if the world keeps treating each Israeli crime as a separate incident, it will miss the larger design. In this context, Palestine is not being lost in one blow. It is being taken piece by piece while the world is watching!

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