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The Rise of Hybrid Militants in Kashmir

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The rise of Hybrid Militants in Kashmir

In Kashmir, Indian security agencies have been killing and arresting youth whom they label as “hybrid terrorists”. The security agencies claim that “hybrid terrorism” is the biggest challenge that they are facing right now. This new term came into the limelight last year in November when security forces killed four people in a controversial gunfight in the Hyderpora area of Srinagar. According to police, those killed included Hyder, a foreign militant and his associate Amir Ahmad Magray. “Building owner” Altaf Ahmad Bhat, who owned the building where the gunfight took place and an OGW (Over Ground Worker) Mudasir Gul were also killed during the gunfight. The police claimed that Amir Ahmad Magray was a hybrid militant. The families of Amir and Mudasir disputed the claims of the police. 

Also Read: Jammu & Kashmir: a year after the abrogation of article 370

Who are hybrid militants?

Inspector-General of Police Vijay Kumar told reporters that hybrid militants are “terrorists disguised as civilians.” He further claimed that they are “part-time terrorists” who are not on the lists of security forces. According to the IGP, these hybrid militants are “locally trained” and stay in touch with “terrorists” through the internet. They are supposedly recruited by the militant groups to carry out one or two attacks. They are radicalized enough to carry out attacks and are kept on standby mode by the terrorists. When the opportunity arises, they carry out attacks. They are mostly pistol-borne youth and attack soft targets like minorities, politicians, off-duty policemen and others who are unlikely to retaliate. After carrying out militant attacks they slip back into routine life and carry out their day-to-day life normally.  

The hybrid terrorist label has raised many eyebrows.

The term hybrid terrorist caught everyone’s attention after the controversial Hyderpora encounter. Former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Omar Abdullah staged a protest against the killings. He claimed that he had never heard the term hybrid militant when he was the chief minister. Similarly, the families of those killed in the gunfight and subsequently labelled as “hybrid terrorists” denied that the slain youth had any links with militants. They alleged that the encounter was staged by the police. Besides, there were widespread protests across the Kashmir valley against the killings. Initially, the police had refused to return the bodies of the slain men. However, after sustained protests by the families and activists in Press Colony Srinagar, the bodies of Mudasir Gul and Altaf Bhat were exhumed and returned to their families after a few days.

Questioning the term “Hybrid Militant”?

Hybrid terrorists/militants continue to make headlines in Kashmir. There is almost daily news about some hybrid militants being nabbed by police or killed in a gunfight. It is a dangerous term. It is defined in a way that evades accountability. Since hybrid militants are supposed to be militants disguised as civilians and part-time militants, it is very difficult to identify them and distinguish them from civilians. As claimed by the police, they are not even listed with the security forces as militants. Further, they supposedly carry out attacks and then re-engage with society and carry out normal activities like any other person. As a result, there are not many people except for the security forces who can vouch for them being militants. 

In some cases, even the family members of these hybrid militants are caught unawares. Like the Hyderpora incident, there have been many other instances when the family members have denied that those killed in the name of hybrid terrorists were militants. Earlier in January this year, Inayat Ahmad Mir was killed in a gunfight in the Pulwama district of Kashmir. The police labelled him as a hybrid militant but his family disputed the claim. The family denied his involvement in any militant activity and staged a protest demanding the return of his body. It is pertinent to mention here that the bodies of all those who are killed in anti-militancy operations in Kashmir are buried in far off places by the police themselves.

Also Read: India Gags-up Media in Kashmir

The use of the term hybrid terrorist/militant raises vexing questions. In an already environment of impunity for the security forces, the term complements the impunity. For the families, these hybrid militants are innocent civilians but for the security forces, they are hybrid militants. No one except for the security forces and the alleged handlers of these hybrid militants knows that they are involved in militant activities. The term does not allow for the accountability of security forces. Therefore, the security forces are at the liberty to categorize anyone as a “hybrid militant” and act accordingly.

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Ceasefire’s Hidden Breaks in Gaza

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The guns may have fallen silent, but Gaza’s agony has not. Behind the headlines of peace and tranquility lies a darker reality. This stark reality comprises starvation, censorship, and political manipulation that continue under the banner of a ceasefire. While global leaders hail a humanitarian pause, aid convoys are stalled, journalists silenced, and civilians still dying slowly from hunger and disease. In reality, Gaza’s genocide has changed its form. The violence now hides behind bureaucracy and severe neglect.

Violence Under a Ceasefire

For months, the ceasefire has been viewed as a turning point, yet the ground tells a different story. Drone strikes, sniper fire, and raids persist in several districts, violating the very spirit of peace. According to reports compiled by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), civilian injuries and detentions have continued despite official claims of calm. Eyewitnesses from central Gaza describe a grim pattern, including Israeli patrols and sporadic shelling, that keeps families in constant fear. What the world calls peace, Gazans still live under siege.

Aid Held Hostage: Politics Over Humanity

Perhaps the cruelest face of this false peace lies in aid distribution. The World Food Programme (WFP) noted that around 560 tonnes of food per day enter Gaza. This is just a fraction of what’s needed to prevent famine. Northern Gaza remains largely unreachable, where thousands survive on animal feed and brackish water. The flow of aid has been repeatedly interrupted over political disputes tied to hostage remains. This conditionality, using food and medicine as bargaining chips, undermines every fundamental principle of humanitarian law.

The Rafah and Kerem Shalom crossings, once gateways for relief, now operate under unpredictable permissions and delays. Aid trucks queue for hours under the desert sun while Gaza’s hospitals ration water and electricity.

“Every delay means another child going hungry,” – Reported by UNRWA

In essence, humanitarian lifelines have become tools of political leverage.

Media Under Lockdown: Silencing the Witnesses

The ceasefire also brought with it a new information war. International journalists are still barred from entering Gaza freely. Local reporters who survived the bombings continue to work under impossible conditions. It includes inadequate conditions like no fuel, no electricity, and no safety guarantees. Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) have documented widespread media censorship and dozens of journalist deaths since the beginning of the conflict. Israel’s military strictly controls embedded reporting, dictating when and where journalists can film.

In a striking statement, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) warned that restricting access to Gaza amounts to concealing potential war crimes. Social media users have therefore become accidental reporters, using short videos, satellite imagery, and testimonies to bypass censorship. The story of Gaza now lives not on front pages but in the phones of those still willing to see.

Famine, Disease, and Displacement

Even under a ceasefire, Gaza’s humanitarian collapse continues to deepen. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that only 13 of Gaza’s 36 hospitals remain partially functional, with most lacking anesthesia, dialysis supplies, and antibiotics. In the north, famine has reached catastrophic levels in Gaza, which is classified as Phase 5 (Famine) by global food security standards. Children are dying not from bullets but from dehydration, malnutrition, and infection.

OCHA reports that more than 1.9 million Palestinians, which is nearly 90% of Gaza’s population, remain displaced. Entire neighborhoods are rubble. Sanitation systems have collapsed, raising fears of cholera and typhoid outbreaks.

Hostage Politics and the Leverage of Suffering

At the heart of Gaza’s stalled recovery is political conditionality. Israel’s decision to scale down aid until Hamas returns more hostages remains, exemplifying how humanitarian access is weaponized. Under international law, such conditional aid violates the Geneva Conventions’ prohibition of collective punishment. Yet, global powers remain muted. The ceasefire, negotiated to save lives, has instead become a bargaining table where civilians pay the price for political deadlock.

Diplomats quietly admit that the truce is being “managed,” not maintained. Every supply truck, every medical convoy, is subject to approval, inspection, and negotiation. What should be unconditional mercy has been turned into transactional diplomacy.

International Complicity and the Moral Cost of Silence

Although the illusion of peace is convenient for international politics, it allows world leaders to claim moral victory without addressing the systemic blockade. Western nations speak of humanitarian concern but continue arms trade and veto UN resolutions that demand accountability. Meanwhile, smaller nations, such as Spain, Ireland, and Norway, among them, have called for sustained aid corridors and recognition of Palestine’s right to self-determination. Yet, the global consensus for justice remains fractured.

Silence has become a strategy. As attention drifts elsewhere, the absence of noise benefits those who profit from impunity. The longer the world calls this peace, the easier it becomes to forget that Gaza is still dying.

The Way Forward

The ceasefire in Gaza is not an end but a hope that the masking under the brutality would end. Beneath its surface lies hunger, disease, silence, and slow death. Since true peace cannot be declared while aid is blocked and voices are silenced, it cannot really exist where food is conditional and suffering is just a political currency. So, we can hope that peace may not be postponed, and the surviving people of Gaza may get what they truly deserve – happiness, peace, and the ultimate prosperity!

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Crimes Against Humanity

Siege to Starvation: Food as a Weapon in Gaza

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Bread should never be a battlefield, yet in Gaza, parents count the hours between air raids and the next bite, trading sleep for a place in a bread line. This is not misfortune but an outcome of the ongoing genocide. Famine has been confirmed in Gaza after months of siege and bombardment. Moreover, the pattern of atrocities by Israel is tragically quite clear: cut the crossings, choke the fuel, bomb the roads, and the entire food system.

Famine in Gaza

On 22 August 2025, the IPC Famine Review Committee confirmed Famine (IPC Phase 5) in Gaza, warning that conditions could spread south without a sustained surge in aid and safety. The famine is not a metaphor but a technical threshold that means households cannot access enough calories or care to survive without immediate, large-scale relief.

Starvation in a place rarely makes a headline, but it is clearly shown in logistics spreadsheets and cratered roads. It can also be felt in the silence of dead ovens and empty tanks.

As per the UN agencies’ estimate, around five hundred to six hundred trucks per day are the minimum to cover basic needs. However, many days in many areas of Gaza fall far short, as a trickle cannot feed two million people. Moreover, there is an increasing fuel scarcity that is killing the cold chain. With electricity unreliable and fuel scarce, bakeries stop, fridges fail, and water systems sputter. In modern times, the families living in besieged Gaza burn scrap wood to boil lentils.

The movement has also been made quite dangerous as roads are continuously bombarded. Moreover, checkpoints and shelling make a bag of flour a life-or-death decision. Food trucks cannot reliably reach warehouses, and people cannot safely reach distribution points.

Food systems are completely dismantled by Israel as fields and greenhouses are destroyed completely or made inaccessible. Fishing is also crippled, and markets and warehouses are devastated or empty. Even when aid enters, the last-mile network is broken.

The Reality of the Human Toll

Hunger creeps, then crashes. UNICEF’s August screenings found roughly 1 out of 5 children in Gaza City acutely malnourished. This pace is increasing day by day. Children are starving, and they fail to gain adequate weight. Moreover, breastfeeding falters when mothers are undernourished, too. In these conditions, water-borne diseases spread faster in bodies that are already depleted.

Mothers stretch tea and bread into a “meal,” or simply skip eating altogether, so toddlers can share a biscuit. Children, on the other hand, stand in bread lines, and schools that became shelters have no kitchens or fuel. Diabetics and dialysis patients, who need predictable food and water, see their survival routines collapse greatly.

Every siege writes a cruel equation, such as calories in versus calories needed. In Gaza, the inputs have been deliberately depressed. Rations that do arrive are often calorie-inadequate for a displaced population; staples that require long boiling are useless without fuel and clean water. High-energy biscuits keep people alive for days, not months.

International Law and the Line That Was Crossed

International humanitarian law prohibits the starvation of civilians as a method of warfare and requires the rapid, unimpeded passage of humanitarian relief. Human Rights Watch has documented how policies that block water, food, fuel, and safe access amount to using starvation as a weapon, a war crime. Whether by design or through reckless disregard for known consequences, the effect is the same: families are deprived of what they need to live.

What Relief Looks Like in Practice

Ending a heinous famine like this one is not a photo-op at a crossing. Completely ending it is about volume, tempo, and safety. Firstly, you should scale the pipeline to a figure of around five hundred to six hundred trucks per day minimum. Fuel should be reconsidered as a humanitarian commodity, including water and health facilities. For example, prices for cooking gas spiked by 4000% in early 2025 compared to pre-war levels. Therefore, families cannot cook even when they get food.

The mass starvation that is fueled by Israeli atrocities is a clear example of human rights violations. Now, the world must act with a renewed spirit before it is too late. Firstly, a permanent ceasefire is the need of the hour. Protection of civilians is also an important step to be taken.

Then, the perpetrators should face the international criminal organizations, as there are numerous cases to be faced, including one on genocide. Unconditional humanitarian access should be on the agenda. UN Resolutions should be followed in true letter and spirit. Moreover, there must be legal accountability as well as sustained funding to make the people of Gaza breathe again.

Bottom Line

Gaza’s hunger crisis is not a side story but actually “the story.” As long as aid is throttled, fuel is scarce, and farms, bakeries, and boats are broke, famine will spread quickly. The metrics may shift week to week, but the moral calculus doesn’t. Bread should not be contraband. Ending the siege on food, in policy and practice, is the minimum standard of humanity!

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Aid Under Fire: How Humanitarian Convoys Are Being Targeted

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Ambulance sirens shouldn’t have to race aid trucks, yet in Gaza, convoys that carry flour, water, and baby formula move like fugitives. These are picked apart by Israel’s atrocities, pinned down by gunfire, and sometimes, struck outright. When the lifeline is attacked, it is not the cargo that is lost but the promise that they are protecting the lives of the oppressed.

A Pattern, Not Just a Series of Accidents

We are long past the language of “tragic mistakes.” The record now shows a pattern: convoys delayed until crowds gather, routes publicly deconflicted and still hit, warehouses bombed, drivers and security volunteers shot at the curb. Each incident ripples outward, NGOs suspend operations, crossings tighten, and hunger grows.

If we look at the ground, there is a completely devastating picture. Trucks crawl through checkpoints and bomb-scarred roads while drones buzz overhead. Crowds surge around the first visible food in days while panic and live fire turn distribution points into trauma scenes. Moreover, routes agreed hours earlier suddenly become kill zones, and the next day, fewer trucks try again.

A Glimpse of Complete Humanitarian Blockade

The Convoy That Never Made It – World Food Programme

In July 2025, a World Food Programme convoy that had just cleared the last checkpoint north of the Zikim crossing drove into a crowd of starving innocents. However, the moment the aid appeared, the area came under intense fire with tanks, snipers, and small arms. Drivers of the convoy threw their bodies over the steering wheels and prayed the cargo would hold. Unfortunately, they made it back with bent fenders and shattered nerves. Ultimately, the food did not reach the families waiting for it.

When Aid Workers Became Targets – World Central Kitchen

The world learned the convoy jargon the night seven World Central Kitchen humanitarians were brutally killed by the Israeli soldiers. Their cars were marked, and the route had already been shared with the authorities. Three vehicles were struck in sequence. Ultimately, the charity suspended its operations, and a single brutal incident froze an entire artery of necessary meals. The message to every other driver was loud and clear: your vest is not a shield.

The People Who Guard the Lifeline

In August 2025, rights monitors catalogued a drumbeat of attacks on innocent Palestinians who escort and guard convoys. These were the men whose job is to keep order when food finally arrives. In multiple incidents across North Gaza and Deir al-Balah, dozens were killed and many more were wounded near the aid trucks they were to protect. Each funeral means one fewer pair of eyes and hands at the next distribution point and another long delay that pushes a hungry crowd to the brink.

Now, one thing is crystal clear – Israel is using every heinous means to block the necessary human rights. Aid is completely blocked in the Gaza Strip, and fuel is scarce. Moreover, roads are almost completely broken, and there is rubble everywhere. The genocide is getting intense day by day, even if there is no militant resistance.

Maritime Hope

When the roads became graves, some tried the sea route. The Global Sumud Flotilla, whichdocked in Tunisia to rest and reload, is a new effort to reach aid to the starving ones. However, two of its vessels were hit by incendiary devices within twenty-four hours. Fires licked their decks as crews scrambled with extinguishers. Moreover, one vessel was attacked by a drone. It was a warning sign by Israel that any flotilla that reached the Gaza Strip would be crushed. Although no one died, the message was the same as on land: keep away from Gaza’s hungry. Earlier flotilla attempts were intercepted in international waters. For crews who trained to haul sacks of rice, the new drills are for drones and flames.

International humanitarian law is not a menu of suggestions, but rather a clear voice that emphasizes the need to protect civilians. Humanitarian relief must be allowed and facilitated rapidly and without obstruction. Aid workers, drivers, and volunteers are not legitimate targets. When convoys are fired upon after routes are agreed, when deconflicted vehicles are hit in sequence, when local volunteers are shot at a distribution point, the rules aren’t being bent; they’re being completely broken.

Numbers cannot catch a mother’s whisper in a bread line. It is a cruel chapter of history to witness. Humanitarian staff are being killed at a rate unprecedented in recent conflicts. For instance, one UN agency has lost hundreds of its own. Countless names of aid convoys never arrived, and routes that only exist on paper—storage that burns, fuel that vanishes, and a queue that grows again the next morning.

Before it’s Too Late!

Safe corridors should be guaranteed, and aid must be allowed in each and every scenario. No law in this world allows the complete stoppage of food and water, and to use them as a weapon of war. UN resolutions and especially the latest UN General Assembly Resolution must be adhered to in true letter and spirit.

A truck loaded with flour is not a political statement but a promise that war will not swallow every last ordinary thing. When that truck is shot at or burned, the message to the civilians is brutal. Ultimately, aid under fire is not simply a violation of international law but a deliberate shredding of the only safety net left.

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