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The Abbasid Era

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The Abbasids lineage goes to the Hashemite of the Quraysh that existed in Mecca. The term Abbasids refers to the uncle of the Prophet -PBUH- Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib -may Allah be pleased with him.

Beginning of the Abbasid Era

The establishment of the Abbasid Era began by Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas, the motive was to return the caliphate to the house of the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

It began in the early second century when the Umayyad Era was powerful.

The Caliph at that time was Umar ibn al-Aziz. It had two headquarters, the first in Kufa and the second in Khorasan. When Muhammad ibn Ali died his son Ibrahim took his place.

Ages of the Abbasid Era and features of each Era

The Abbasid Era passed through many ages. There Some ages were characterized by their weakness and there was that is characterized by strength.

1st Era: The era of power and expansion

The Abbasid Era began with Abdullah Al-Asghar, known as the Ripper, as he spent most of his rule in eliminating movements that try to restore the order to the Umayyads.

He consolidated his rule by appointing his relatives in governance. After him came Abu Jafar al-Mansur who continued what Abdullah Al-Asghar started.

After al-Mansur, came his son Mahdi. Mahdi was known for his justice and mercy. Mahdi eliminated his cousin Isa ibn Musa and took the abbey to his sons Al-Hadi and Harun Al-Rashid.

This Era reached its peak of power and prosperity during the rule of Haran al-Rashid. Even the rulers of Europe were trying to get closer to him.

He was very merciful to his people as he getting undercover in order to see the conditions of people closely. His wars with Byzantium were as intense as those who preceded him,

The 2nd Era: the Era of the Turkish

This Era wasn’t similar to the first. As the first was characterized by the strength of the caliphs and their ability to manage the state. That wasn’t in the second Era; Because of the different personalities of the caliphs of this era than before. As well as because of the social, economic, and political conditions, and the great expansion of the state.

Since the non-Arab peoples felt persecuted by the Abbasid state, giving the Abbasid state complete freedom and rights to those peoples led to their thinking of establishing separate states.

Since the influence of the Turks increased, some Abbasid caliphs appointed some Turkish leaders over the remote states, who in turn appointed their deputies in ruling positions.

And the Caliph neglected to hold them accountable and those deputies increased taxes on the people who waited for the one who lifted injustice upon them. At that time, the Zanj movement was a crucial stage in the life of the Abbasid Caliphate.

The 3rd Era: the Era of Persian Bohemia

This era is a violent reaction to the Turkish influence that seized The capabilities of the Abbasid state. It is the Era when the Sons of Buye appeared on the scene and formed a secessionist movement and established a state in:

  •    Persia
  •   Ahwaz
  •  Kerman
  •  Irrigation
  •   Isfahan and Hamadan

The one who is responsible for this movement is Ali bin Shuja bin Buye, who was able to attract people to him with his courage and good management

The 4th Era: The Turkish Seljuk era

The Abbasid State reached the last breath, and the situation got worse between the Sunnis and the Shiites until it became imagined to the beholder that Islam is in its last phase.

Meanwhile, a state called the Seljuk state was founded by the Seljuk Sultan Tughrulbek in Khorasan in 431 Ah

It embraces and defends the Sunnis and the Jamaat, and began their movement in Persia to eliminate the Shia Buhayyah state

The most prominent caliphs of the Abbasid state

  • Abu Ja’far al-Mansur: The second successor of the Abbasid state, ruled between the years (137 Ah – 158 Ah), Abdullah bin Muhammad Bin Ali bin Abdullah bin, Abbas.
  • Harun al-Rashid: Harun Ibn bin Muhammad, ruled between the years (170 Ah – 193 ah). A strong pious obedient to his Lord. He has prevailed in safety, prosperity, and stability in his reign so people loved him.

One of his most popular good deeds, he used to hide and get undercover to see how sellers act in the markets.

Al – Mu’tasim: The son of Harun al-Rashid, ruled between the years (218 Ah-227 ah), He does not know reading nor writing but he was brave and strong and well known for his justice.

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Released but Never Free: How Israel’s Repeated Arrests Keep Palestinian Prisoners Living in Fear

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For many Palestinians released from Israeli prisons, returning home does not mean the end of detention. Eventually, Israeli soldiers can return at night, intelligence officers can demand another fake interrogation, and families have little assurance that their loved ones will remain at home. Former prisoners in the occupied West Bank describe lives organized around the possibility of being arrested again and again.

Their accounts reveal an extremely disturbing contradiction due to heinous Israeli plans to torture Palestinians. Israel’s military and security services continue to illegally arrest or summon some of the same people they arrested before. Thus, the consequences extend far beyond the time spent in custody, affecting innocent Palestinian families, employment, and the most ordinary aspects of daily life.

Six Rearrests After a Prisoner Exchange

For instance, Ahmed Abed, a 43-year-old Palestinian whose name was changed for his safety, was released in January 2025 after spending 22 years in an Israeli prison. Since then, he says Israeli forces have arrested him six times and summoned him for questioning on five occasions.

In an authentic publication, Abed also described repeated home raids, threats, and being marched blindfolded and handcuffed by Israeli forces. He said that he was beaten and denied food and water during detention by the ISF.

In fact, his family now prepares for another possible raid whenever Israeli soldiers enter the area. Even relatives and neighbors have become anxious about attracting military attention.

Not just this, but the disruption extends into his professional life. Despite earning university qualifications while imprisoned, he says employers have avoided hiring him because of his repeated arrests. He relies on irregular work and has reduced contact with relatives, fearing that his presence might expose them to further questioning.

Ultimately, his experience illustrates how repeated detention can restrict a person’s freedom without keeping them continuously behind bars.

When Israeli Raids Tear Families Apart

In Tulkarm, another Palestinian family experienced how freedom can end without warning by Israel.

An individual, Bakr Khreiwesh, returned home during an October 2025 prisoner exchange. However, Israeli intelligence agencies repeatedly summoned him afterward.

He also said that the Israeli officers threatened the family’s landlord, forcing them to leave their rented accommodation.

On August 21, 2026, Israeli soldiers raided their home and arrested Khreiwesh again. He was subsequently placed under an absurd “administrative detention”, which allows imprisonment without an ordinary criminal trial.

More than 80 former prisoners released through exchange agreements had experienced rearrest, harassment, or interrogation.

The consequences reach several areas of family life, including:

  • Employment: Repeated detentions can eventually cost Palestinians their jobs and leave families without stable incomes.
  • Family security: Children and relatives experience frightening home raids, illegal searches, and prolonged uncertainty.
  • Housing: Threats, financial hardship, and imprisonment make it extremely difficult to maintain secure accommodation.
  • Social relationships: Former detainees avoid gatherings and public activities to reduce the risk of further confrontation.

Even when these Israeli detentions last only a few hours, families can live with their consequences for decades.

Nearly 26,000 Arrests Across the Occupied West Bank

The experiences of released Palestinian prisoners are unfolding amid extensive Israeli military operations throughout the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem.

According to credible reports, more than 26,000 illegal arrest incidents were made between October 2023 and October 2026. The figure includes Palestinians subsequently released and arrested repeatedly, rather than representing the number currently imprisoned.

Israeli forces conduct illegal operations in homes, villages, towns and refugee camps, while Palestinians also face detention at military checkpoints.

Some people are questioned for hours before being released, while others are held for longer periods or transferred into the Israeli prison system.

In fact, the continuing arrest campaigns are creating a widespread atmosphere of fear.

For former Palestinian prisoners, even attending family gatherings, travelling to work, or participating in community activities can become a source of extreme anxiety.

Administrative Detention: Imprisonment Without Criminal Charges

Israel’s extensive and illegal use of “administrative detention” adds another dimension to the ongoing genocide.

Under this system, the Israeli military can imprison Palestinians without filing any criminal charges or conducting a conventional trial. Detention orders can be renewed, while detainees and their lawyers are denied access to any evidence.

In November, Amnesty International reported that more than 3,101 Palestinians were being held under administrative detention as of October 2026.

Moreover, it also highlighted the arrest of Palestinian farmers and community organizers, including Ghassan Najjar, who had faced repeated threats connected to his peaceful activism in the occupied West Bank.

On the other hand, Israel maintains that administrative detention is a preventive measure intended to address security threats, while the reality is far different and more apparent. However, global human-rights organizations have largely criticized its extensive use and the difficulties innocent Palestinians face in challenging detention orders.

Under Article 78 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, imprisonment in occupied territory must be justified by imperative security reasons and accompanied by safeguards, including the right to appeal and periodic review.

Therefore, repeated short-term arrests and administrative detention are illegal practices. Undoubtedly, both raise serious human-rights concerns when Palestinian’s face detention without meaningful safeguards or clear, justified grounds.

Unfortunately, children grow up witnessing Israeli soldiers enter their homes. Families lose income when relatives are repeatedly detained.

Israeli military and intelligence authorities are responsible for these genocidal arrests, raids, and detention decisions. Their conduct deserves scrutiny not only during imprisonment but also when Palestinians have formally regained their freedom.

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Gaza’s Winter Floods Leave Thousands Without Shelter as Genocide-Damaged Buildings Threaten Collapse

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Credited to:https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2026/11/8/photos-heavy-rains-leave-tens-of-thousands-without-shelter-in-gaza

Unfortunately, Gaza’s first major winter storm has flooded tens of thousands of already-shattered tents, leaving displaced Palestinian families struggling to find dry shelter. During the first week of November, heavy rain swept through crowded camps, soaking mattresses, blankets, and clothes while innocent children sheltered from cold winds under leaking roofs. For families who have already lost their homes to Israeli bombardment, even a temporary escape from the rain has become extremely difficult.

The damage is not confined to the camps. Buildings weakened by previous strikes by Israel are also at risk of collapse. Moreover, Gaza’s already devastated drainage network cannot carry away floodwater effectively. The storm has exposed another layer of the Israeli genocide that humanitarian agencies had warned about for weeks.

Tens of Thousands of Tents Flooded Within Hours

Around 70,000 tents were flooded within just 12 hours on November 7. Gaza’s Civil Defence teams received more than 1,500 emergency calls in 10 hours, as water rose by 30 to 40 centimeters at several displacement sites.

The flooding affected numerous camps in Gaza City, Deir el-Balah and Khan Younis. Families had to use buckets and sand to keep water out, but fragile tents offered little protection against the wind and rain. Three houses collapsed, while other accounts described injuries from falling walls.

For example, at al-Mina camp in northern Gaza, a woman, Rana Adnan Hmeida, described trying to keep her two-month-old daughter warm after rain soaked the family’s blankets and clothing. Her experience shows how quickly a storm can strip an already genocide-displaced household of its few remaining essentials.

Genocide-Damaged Buildings Offer No Safe Escape

A tent may be flooded, but returning to a damaged apartment is not necessarily safer. Israeli relentless bombardment has left thousands of buildings with unstable walls, exposed ceilings and weakened structures.

For instance, in Nuseirat, 54-year-old Nasser al-Hajj has continued living in an apartment damaged by a heinous Israeli strike in September 2025. According to the condition of her apartment, debris from upper floors left an opening in the ceiling, and an engineer also warned that the building remained critically unsafe. But there was no other option for her except to live there. So, during the storm, he moved his children to a neighbor’s home as debris fell.

The UN’s October assessment estimated that approximately 44,000 people were living in more than 2,300 structurally unsafe buildings. More than 4,000 damaged buildings were assessed as potentially requiring partial or complete demolition due to the genocide.

For many residents, the choice remains between a shelter that leaks and a home that may collapse in no time, either by the storm or by Israel’s continuous bombardment.

Gaza’s Destroyed Drainage Network Deepens the Crisis

Rainfall becomes extremely dangerous when there is nowhere for the water to go. Reports reveal that more than 15 kilometers of stormwater drains and 212 kilometers of sewage networks have been greatly damaged by Israeli bombardment.

The remaining drainage system could manage no more than about 20% of rainwater under favorable conditions. Though crews have been clearing blocked channels, shortages of fuel, machinery and spare parts have limited their work.

Eventually, floodwater can mix with waste in overcrowded camps, adding sanitation risks to the immediate problem of shelter. The destruction of roads and service vehicles also makes it harder for emergency responders to reach families or remove standing water.

A Winter Disaster Humanitarian Agencies Saw Coming

In October, UN humanitarian teams estimated that 950,000 displaced Palestinians were living at sites with medium-to-high flood risk, including more than 400,000 people at high risk.

Moreover, they also identified 294,250 families requiring winter shelter assistance, as available supplies could offer partial help to just 18%.

Days before the flooding, a November 5 UN OCHA report listed urgent needs for 121,000 tents, 561,000 tarpaulins and 1.7 million mattresses. This is because stocks inside Gaza included only about 2,800 tents and fewer than 5,000 mattresses.

UN agencies cited funding shortages, procurement delays and strict Israeli restrictions on entry and approvals as major obstacles.

Mzemo previously warned about Gaza’s winter shelter crisis. The flooded camps now show what those warnings meant for families on the ground.

Families Need Protection Beyond Temporary Tents

Children, older residents, people with disabilities, and those already ill face particular life risks when bedding stays wet and sanitation breaks down. Replacing soaked tents will help families survive this storm, but tents cannot replace secure homes, functioning sewage systems, or rebuilding their lives.

Ultimately, Gaza’s winter emergency will persist unless displaced people can move out of danger and the infrastructure that protects ordinary civilian life is restored. This can happen when Israel eventually drops its heinous plans to wipe out the people of Gaza and Palestine.

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Hebron Under Siege: Thousands Displaced as Israel Tightens Its Grip on the West Bank

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For a Palestinian family in Hebron, the distance between home and safety can now be an Israeli military checkpoint. Since October 23, Israeli troops have illegally sealed neighborhoods, ordered evacuations, and conducted raids across the occupied West Bank city.

By the end of October 2026, more than 3000 residents have been displaced, while thousands have lost access to their homes over an alleged attack they did not commit.

How Hebron’s October Lockdown Began

On October 23, two Israeli soldiers died at a checkpoint near Hebron. Israeli forces launched an extensive operation, imposing road closures and searching homes.

Israel covers this genocidal operation by describing it as a targeted effort, but in reality, it is actually targeted at innocent Palestinians. The residents are not being provided with exit routes to completely cut them off from the world.

The restrictions reached considerably further than the suspects’ homes. Residents of Ein Deir Bahah and Jildah were instructed through loudspeakers to evacuate. Soldiers also took over vacated houses for military use. By October 29, nearly every main entrance to Hebron remained closed, with limited exceptions for essential supplies and municipal vehicles.

On October 31, credible reports described renewed military restrictions in Ein Deir Bahah, deepening uncertainty over when families could return.

Thousands Displaced, Homes and Businesses Demolished

The latest UN humanitarian assessment recorded displacement from an area covering roughly 350 dunums. Most families had to seek shelter with relatives, while the number remaining inside closed neighborhoods remains unclear. Temporary shelter, however, offers little certainty about work, belongings or the possibility of returning home.

In Farsh al Hawa, Israeli authorities demolished an inhabited three-storey building, more than five commercial structures and a water cistern, citing permit violations and security concerns. The demolitions directly displaced a family of seven, including three children, while affecting another 51 people. Some destroyed premises supported families’ livelihoods. Water tanks, vehicles and goods were also reportedly damaged or confiscated.

Ultimately, a Gaza-like situation is being created in Hebron by the Israeli military.

Hebron Was Already a City Divided by Checkpoints

The latest operation was imposed on a city with decades of restrictions. Under the 1997 Hebron Protocol, roughly 80% of Hebron, known as H1, came under Palestinian Authority administration. However, Israel retains control over H2 and much of H1 as well.

An April 2026 UN survey counted 101 movement obstacles in H2, including illegal Israeli checkpoints and road barriers. Access to some neighborhoods has long depended on residency registration and restricted hours. The surroundings of the Ibrahimi Mosque, central to Hebron’s religious heritage, have likewise been shaped by these divisions.

UN Raises the Alarm Over Collective Punishment

UN human rights chief Volker Türk called for this illegal operation to end on October 26, warning that sweeping measures appeared punitive and raised concerns about disproportionate force. Threats to clear entire neighborhoods also raised concerns about ethnic cleansing. Although his warning was not a court verdict, it demanded urgent scrutiny.

In fact, international humanitarian law prohibits collective punishment. Civilians cannot be penalized simply because other people committed an attack.

Moreover, the wider West Bank context is troubling. UN monitors recorded 397 settler attacks causing casualties or property damage during October 2026, the highest monthly total since their records began in 2006.

The International Court of Justice’s July 2024 advisory opinion also found Israel’s continued presence in occupied Palestinian territory unlawful.

For Hebron’s Families, Return Is the Real Test

Israel wants to illegally grab all the Palestinian land, as it has been doing since the Nakba.

Reopening Israeli checkpoints will not instantly restore the lost days of schooling, interrupted treatment, or ruined Palestinian businesses. Displaced families need safe access to their homes with peace and tranquility.

Hebron’s latest ordeal shows how an absurd Israeli operation described as temporary can place an entire community’s ordinary life on hold. Palestinian civilians deserve safety, freedom of movement, and dignity. Their rights cannot be made conditional on the next Israeli military announcement.

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