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The African Great Green Wall

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photo by Francesco Ungaro from pexels.com

A 2021 update

As the world continues to suffer from numerous environmental problems, an initiative took it up itself to provide a solution. Deforestation and forest degradation are some of the most drastic green problems we are facing today. They are also some of the leading causes of the dreaded global warming. Thus, almost a decade and half a half ago, the world chose the great green wall to offer it a sustainable and achievable solution that ought to fix more than some of its urgent problems. However, as the years pass, finishing the green wall is proving to be more and more vital.

Growing the great green wall

The green wall is an African-led initiative that aims to plant 8,000km long and 15km wide greenery across the width of Africa. In doing so, the wall will aid in the fight against many threats, including climate change, drought, famine, conflict, and migration. It will not only restore Africa’s degraded landscapes but will also transform millions of lives in one of the world’s poorest regions. Moreover, upon completion, the wall will be the largest living structure on the planet.

“The Great Green Wall is part of Africa’s environmental defense system — a shield against the onslaughts of desertification and degradation,” said Akinwumi Adesina, African Development Bank chairman. “The future of the Sahel region depends on the Great Green Wall. Without the Great Green Wall, the Sahel region as we know it may disappear.”

Objectives

The initiative’s main aim is to succeed in growing a green wall made of a mosaic of trees, grasslands, vegetation, and different plants, by 2030. Thus, the wall will restore 100 million ha of degraded land while sequestering almost 250 million tons of carbon and creating millions of green jobs for natives living there.

These goals will, in turn, help in growing fertile land, combating poverty, creating food security, improving water security, using more sustainable energy, improving economies, and combating climate change. Furthermore, they will aid in creating harmony all across Africa, breaking the cycle of migration, and sustaining strategic partnerships that accelerate rural development in Africa. It will also play a role in fighting biodiversity loss, desertification, land degradation, and desertification.

The great green wall in 2021

“The year 2021 marks the beginning of the Decade for Ecosystem Restoration – and the Great Green Wall is an inspiring example of ecosystem restoration in action. This initiative alone won’t transform the Sahel’s fortunes overnight, but it is rapidly becoming a green growth corridor that is bringing investment, boosting food security, creating jobs, and sowing the seeds of peace,” said Susan Gardner, Director of UNEP’s Ecosystems Division.

According to the latest UN report, The Green Wall initiative had only succeeded in covering 4 percent of its target area. Moreover, it has received only about 40 percent of the estimated $33bn required to achieve the full goal. Thus, though promising, the project might not finish in 2030 as hoped. On the other hand, the project did start to achieve some of its objectives. Despite the slow progress, the great green wall created more than 335,000 jobs all across the Sahel region. Thus, the wall is currently extended to 156 Mha, and the largest intervention zones are in Niger, Mali, Ethiopia, and Eritrea.

Furthermore, during the latest One Planet Summit for Biodiversity, the Great Green Wall received $14 billion in additional funding pledges for the next decade. The funds will help is speeding up the progress all across the 11 concerned countries.

“Pandemic recovery is our chance to change course. With smart policies and the right investments, we can chart a path that brings health to all, revives economies, and builds resilience. Innovations in energy and transport can steer a sustainable recovery and an economic and social transformation. Nature-based solutions – such as Africa’s Great Green Wall – are especially promising,” said António Guterres, UN Secretary-General.

A Global representation

Though located in the Sahel region, the Great Green wall represents the efforts of people from all over the world, not just Africa. It is a global symbol for humanity uniting against a common enemy and saving our wounded environment. Moreover, it proves that even in the most challenging places, positive change can take place. Therefore, it means that hope isn’t lost for future generations.

References:

— The. (n.d.). Great Green Wall. Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://www.greatgreenwall.org/about-great-green-wallBernard, S. (2021, January 16). Climate graphic of the week: the Great Green Wall scales up. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/0c4c9fe9-942e-4325-85cf-8b3b2cfa46ceGood news for Africa’s Great Green Wall – World. (2021, January 13). ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/good-news-africa-s-great-green-wallGreat Green Wall — NEWS. (n.d.). Great Green Wall. Retrieved February 4, 2021, from https://www.greatgreenwall.org/news#resourcesMorrison, J. (2016, August 23). The “Great Green Wall” Didn’t Stop Desertification, but it Evolved Into Something That Might. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/great-green-wall-stop-desertification-not-so-much-180960171/The Great Green Wall Initiative | UNCCD. (2021). United Nations. https://www.unccd.int/actions/great-green-wall-initiative

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Released but Never Free: How Israel’s Repeated Arrests Keep Palestinian Prisoners Living in Fear

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For many Palestinians released from Israeli prisons, returning home does not mean the end of detention. Eventually, Israeli soldiers can return at night, intelligence officers can demand another fake interrogation, and families have little assurance that their loved ones will remain at home. Former prisoners in the occupied West Bank describe lives organized around the possibility of being arrested again and again.

Their accounts reveal an extremely disturbing contradiction due to heinous Israeli plans to torture Palestinians. Israel’s military and security services continue to illegally arrest or summon some of the same people they arrested before. Thus, the consequences extend far beyond the time spent in custody, affecting innocent Palestinian families, employment, and the most ordinary aspects of daily life.

Six Rearrests After a Prisoner Exchange

For instance, Ahmed Abed, a 43-year-old Palestinian whose name was changed for his safety, was released in January 2025 after spending 22 years in an Israeli prison. Since then, he says Israeli forces have arrested him six times and summoned him for questioning on five occasions.

In an authentic publication, Abed also described repeated home raids, threats, and being marched blindfolded and handcuffed by Israeli forces. He said that he was beaten and denied food and water during detention by the ISF.

In fact, his family now prepares for another possible raid whenever Israeli soldiers enter the area. Even relatives and neighbors have become anxious about attracting military attention.

Not just this, but the disruption extends into his professional life. Despite earning university qualifications while imprisoned, he says employers have avoided hiring him because of his repeated arrests. He relies on irregular work and has reduced contact with relatives, fearing that his presence might expose them to further questioning.

Ultimately, his experience illustrates how repeated detention can restrict a person’s freedom without keeping them continuously behind bars.

When Israeli Raids Tear Families Apart

In Tulkarm, another Palestinian family experienced how freedom can end without warning by Israel.

An individual, Bakr Khreiwesh, returned home during an October 2025 prisoner exchange. However, Israeli intelligence agencies repeatedly summoned him afterward.

He also said that the Israeli officers threatened the family’s landlord, forcing them to leave their rented accommodation.

On August 21, 2026, Israeli soldiers raided their home and arrested Khreiwesh again. He was subsequently placed under an absurd “administrative detention”, which allows imprisonment without an ordinary criminal trial.

More than 80 former prisoners released through exchange agreements had experienced rearrest, harassment, or interrogation.

The consequences reach several areas of family life, including:

  • Employment: Repeated detentions can eventually cost Palestinians their jobs and leave families without stable incomes.
  • Family security: Children and relatives experience frightening home raids, illegal searches, and prolonged uncertainty.
  • Housing: Threats, financial hardship, and imprisonment make it extremely difficult to maintain secure accommodation.
  • Social relationships: Former detainees avoid gatherings and public activities to reduce the risk of further confrontation.

Even when these Israeli detentions last only a few hours, families can live with their consequences for decades.

Nearly 26,000 Arrests Across the Occupied West Bank

The experiences of released Palestinian prisoners are unfolding amid extensive Israeli military operations throughout the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem.

According to credible reports, more than 26,000 illegal arrest incidents were made between October 2023 and October 2026. The figure includes Palestinians subsequently released and arrested repeatedly, rather than representing the number currently imprisoned.

Israeli forces conduct illegal operations in homes, villages, towns and refugee camps, while Palestinians also face detention at military checkpoints.

Some people are questioned for hours before being released, while others are held for longer periods or transferred into the Israeli prison system.

In fact, the continuing arrest campaigns are creating a widespread atmosphere of fear.

For former Palestinian prisoners, even attending family gatherings, travelling to work, or participating in community activities can become a source of extreme anxiety.

Administrative Detention: Imprisonment Without Criminal Charges

Israel’s extensive and illegal use of “administrative detention” adds another dimension to the ongoing genocide.

Under this system, the Israeli military can imprison Palestinians without filing any criminal charges or conducting a conventional trial. Detention orders can be renewed, while detainees and their lawyers are denied access to any evidence.

In November, Amnesty International reported that more than 3,101 Palestinians were being held under administrative detention as of October 2026.

Moreover, it also highlighted the arrest of Palestinian farmers and community organizers, including Ghassan Najjar, who had faced repeated threats connected to his peaceful activism in the occupied West Bank.

On the other hand, Israel maintains that administrative detention is a preventive measure intended to address security threats, while the reality is far different and more apparent. However, global human-rights organizations have largely criticized its extensive use and the difficulties innocent Palestinians face in challenging detention orders.

Under Article 78 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, imprisonment in occupied territory must be justified by imperative security reasons and accompanied by safeguards, including the right to appeal and periodic review.

Therefore, repeated short-term arrests and administrative detention are illegal practices. Undoubtedly, both raise serious human-rights concerns when Palestinian’s face detention without meaningful safeguards or clear, justified grounds.

Unfortunately, children grow up witnessing Israeli soldiers enter their homes. Families lose income when relatives are repeatedly detained.

Israeli military and intelligence authorities are responsible for these genocidal arrests, raids, and detention decisions. Their conduct deserves scrutiny not only during imprisonment but also when Palestinians have formally regained their freedom.

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Gaza’s Winter Floods Leave Thousands Without Shelter as Genocide-Damaged Buildings Threaten Collapse

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Credited to:https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2026/11/8/photos-heavy-rains-leave-tens-of-thousands-without-shelter-in-gaza

Unfortunately, Gaza’s first major winter storm has flooded tens of thousands of already-shattered tents, leaving displaced Palestinian families struggling to find dry shelter. During the first week of November, heavy rain swept through crowded camps, soaking mattresses, blankets, and clothes while innocent children sheltered from cold winds under leaking roofs. For families who have already lost their homes to Israeli bombardment, even a temporary escape from the rain has become extremely difficult.

The damage is not confined to the camps. Buildings weakened by previous strikes by Israel are also at risk of collapse. Moreover, Gaza’s already devastated drainage network cannot carry away floodwater effectively. The storm has exposed another layer of the Israeli genocide that humanitarian agencies had warned about for weeks.

Tens of Thousands of Tents Flooded Within Hours

Around 70,000 tents were flooded within just 12 hours on November 7. Gaza’s Civil Defence teams received more than 1,500 emergency calls in 10 hours, as water rose by 30 to 40 centimeters at several displacement sites.

The flooding affected numerous camps in Gaza City, Deir el-Balah and Khan Younis. Families had to use buckets and sand to keep water out, but fragile tents offered little protection against the wind and rain. Three houses collapsed, while other accounts described injuries from falling walls.

For example, at al-Mina camp in northern Gaza, a woman, Rana Adnan Hmeida, described trying to keep her two-month-old daughter warm after rain soaked the family’s blankets and clothing. Her experience shows how quickly a storm can strip an already genocide-displaced household of its few remaining essentials.

Genocide-Damaged Buildings Offer No Safe Escape

A tent may be flooded, but returning to a damaged apartment is not necessarily safer. Israeli relentless bombardment has left thousands of buildings with unstable walls, exposed ceilings and weakened structures.

For instance, in Nuseirat, 54-year-old Nasser al-Hajj has continued living in an apartment damaged by a heinous Israeli strike in September 2025. According to the condition of her apartment, debris from upper floors left an opening in the ceiling, and an engineer also warned that the building remained critically unsafe. But there was no other option for her except to live there. So, during the storm, he moved his children to a neighbor’s home as debris fell.

The UN’s October assessment estimated that approximately 44,000 people were living in more than 2,300 structurally unsafe buildings. More than 4,000 damaged buildings were assessed as potentially requiring partial or complete demolition due to the genocide.

For many residents, the choice remains between a shelter that leaks and a home that may collapse in no time, either by the storm or by Israel’s continuous bombardment.

Gaza’s Destroyed Drainage Network Deepens the Crisis

Rainfall becomes extremely dangerous when there is nowhere for the water to go. Reports reveal that more than 15 kilometers of stormwater drains and 212 kilometers of sewage networks have been greatly damaged by Israeli bombardment.

The remaining drainage system could manage no more than about 20% of rainwater under favorable conditions. Though crews have been clearing blocked channels, shortages of fuel, machinery and spare parts have limited their work.

Eventually, floodwater can mix with waste in overcrowded camps, adding sanitation risks to the immediate problem of shelter. The destruction of roads and service vehicles also makes it harder for emergency responders to reach families or remove standing water.

A Winter Disaster Humanitarian Agencies Saw Coming

In October, UN humanitarian teams estimated that 950,000 displaced Palestinians were living at sites with medium-to-high flood risk, including more than 400,000 people at high risk.

Moreover, they also identified 294,250 families requiring winter shelter assistance, as available supplies could offer partial help to just 18%.

Days before the flooding, a November 5 UN OCHA report listed urgent needs for 121,000 tents, 561,000 tarpaulins and 1.7 million mattresses. This is because stocks inside Gaza included only about 2,800 tents and fewer than 5,000 mattresses.

UN agencies cited funding shortages, procurement delays and strict Israeli restrictions on entry and approvals as major obstacles.

Mzemo previously warned about Gaza’s winter shelter crisis. The flooded camps now show what those warnings meant for families on the ground.

Families Need Protection Beyond Temporary Tents

Children, older residents, people with disabilities, and those already ill face particular life risks when bedding stays wet and sanitation breaks down. Replacing soaked tents will help families survive this storm, but tents cannot replace secure homes, functioning sewage systems, or rebuilding their lives.

Ultimately, Gaza’s winter emergency will persist unless displaced people can move out of danger and the infrastructure that protects ordinary civilian life is restored. This can happen when Israel eventually drops its heinous plans to wipe out the people of Gaza and Palestine.

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Hebron Under Siege: Thousands Displaced as Israel Tightens Its Grip on the West Bank

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For a Palestinian family in Hebron, the distance between home and safety can now be an Israeli military checkpoint. Since October 23, Israeli troops have illegally sealed neighborhoods, ordered evacuations, and conducted raids across the occupied West Bank city.

By the end of October 2026, more than 3000 residents have been displaced, while thousands have lost access to their homes over an alleged attack they did not commit.

How Hebron’s October Lockdown Began

On October 23, two Israeli soldiers died at a checkpoint near Hebron. Israeli forces launched an extensive operation, imposing road closures and searching homes.

Israel covers this genocidal operation by describing it as a targeted effort, but in reality, it is actually targeted at innocent Palestinians. The residents are not being provided with exit routes to completely cut them off from the world.

The restrictions reached considerably further than the suspects’ homes. Residents of Ein Deir Bahah and Jildah were instructed through loudspeakers to evacuate. Soldiers also took over vacated houses for military use. By October 29, nearly every main entrance to Hebron remained closed, with limited exceptions for essential supplies and municipal vehicles.

On October 31, credible reports described renewed military restrictions in Ein Deir Bahah, deepening uncertainty over when families could return.

Thousands Displaced, Homes and Businesses Demolished

The latest UN humanitarian assessment recorded displacement from an area covering roughly 350 dunums. Most families had to seek shelter with relatives, while the number remaining inside closed neighborhoods remains unclear. Temporary shelter, however, offers little certainty about work, belongings or the possibility of returning home.

In Farsh al Hawa, Israeli authorities demolished an inhabited three-storey building, more than five commercial structures and a water cistern, citing permit violations and security concerns. The demolitions directly displaced a family of seven, including three children, while affecting another 51 people. Some destroyed premises supported families’ livelihoods. Water tanks, vehicles and goods were also reportedly damaged or confiscated.

Ultimately, a Gaza-like situation is being created in Hebron by the Israeli military.

Hebron Was Already a City Divided by Checkpoints

The latest operation was imposed on a city with decades of restrictions. Under the 1997 Hebron Protocol, roughly 80% of Hebron, known as H1, came under Palestinian Authority administration. However, Israel retains control over H2 and much of H1 as well.

An April 2026 UN survey counted 101 movement obstacles in H2, including illegal Israeli checkpoints and road barriers. Access to some neighborhoods has long depended on residency registration and restricted hours. The surroundings of the Ibrahimi Mosque, central to Hebron’s religious heritage, have likewise been shaped by these divisions.

UN Raises the Alarm Over Collective Punishment

UN human rights chief Volker Türk called for this illegal operation to end on October 26, warning that sweeping measures appeared punitive and raised concerns about disproportionate force. Threats to clear entire neighborhoods also raised concerns about ethnic cleansing. Although his warning was not a court verdict, it demanded urgent scrutiny.

In fact, international humanitarian law prohibits collective punishment. Civilians cannot be penalized simply because other people committed an attack.

Moreover, the wider West Bank context is troubling. UN monitors recorded 397 settler attacks causing casualties or property damage during October 2026, the highest monthly total since their records began in 2006.

The International Court of Justice’s July 2024 advisory opinion also found Israel’s continued presence in occupied Palestinian territory unlawful.

For Hebron’s Families, Return Is the Real Test

Israel wants to illegally grab all the Palestinian land, as it has been doing since the Nakba.

Reopening Israeli checkpoints will not instantly restore the lost days of schooling, interrupted treatment, or ruined Palestinian businesses. Displaced families need safe access to their homes with peace and tranquility.

Hebron’s latest ordeal shows how an absurd Israeli operation described as temporary can place an entire community’s ordinary life on hold. Palestinian civilians deserve safety, freedom of movement, and dignity. Their rights cannot be made conditional on the next Israeli military announcement.

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