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Mahsa Amini: Iranian Women Are Leading an Extraordinary Revolution

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The Death of Mahsa Amini Ignited a Wave of Protests Across Iran

The Death of Mahsa Amini Ignited an Unprecedented Wave of Protests Across Iran

On the 16th of September 2022, Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish-Iranian woman, died in the custody of Iran’s morality police following her arrest for improper wear of hijab. Both Mahsa and her brother were beaten at the time of her arrest.

Iran’s morality police routinely arbitrarily detain women who do not comply with their discriminatory and compulsory veiling laws. The death of Mahsa Amini was the powder keg moment that ignited this most recent uprising resulting in seven weeks of protests. This has been the most significant threat the theocratic Iranian regime has witnessed since the 1979 revolution.

It is becoming apparent that this isn’t about reform; it’s about outright regime change. In the eyes of the Islamic Republic, the compulsory hijab is not just a mere piece of cloth. The hijab is one of the critical pillars of the ideology of this regime.

Women are protesting on the streets, removing their hijabs and setting them on fire while cutting their hair in protest. Many have been arrested and sent to psychological re-education centres, beaten, raped, and murdered. The most unprecedented part of these protests is that they’ve been led by women. This shows how courageous Iranian women are in leading an extraordinary revolution.

The Death of Mahsa Amini Ignited an Unprecedented Wave of Protests Across Iran
Caption: An Iranian woman holds a piece of her hair she cuts off, during a protest outside the Iranian Consulate following the death of Mahsa Amini, in Istanbul, Turkey. 26 September 2022. EPA-EFE/SEDAT SUNA.

Hundreds Have Been Brutally Murdered By Iranian Police After Masha Amini’s Death

The Islamic Republic does not allow its citizens the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. This right is guaranteed under Article 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Instead, the Islamic Republic kills protesters with batons and bullets. As of the 8th of November 2022, the death toll from the Islamic Republic’s crackdown on Iran’s 2022 protests increased to 304 people, including 41 children and 24 women. Repressive regimes lack transparency, so the actual number of protesters killed often goes vastly underreported.

Read also: Death of Mahsa Amini: How Governments Deny Women’s Right to Choice?

A Long History of Women’s Resistance in Iran

Mahsa Amini’s death follows decades of women’s resistance in Iran. Women played a critical role in Iranian society by establishing women’s associations, joining protests and supporting strikes. This is the first time since the inception of the theocracy in 1979 that people openly and fearlessly oppose Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. Challenging Iran’s supreme leader is one of the most significant revolutions in modern-day history.

Following the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Iranian women launched massive protests after hearing rumours regarding a mandatory hijab mandate. These protests were influential as they postponed its enactment. However, the mandate was eventually instated in 1983. Women showed their strength in actively protesting against the regime.

Comparatively, in recent times the enormous bravery of women like Sepideh Rashno, Mahsa Amini and Nika Shakarami against Iran’s restrictions on women’s rights has sparked a catalyst for change. The Iranian authorities have consistently dealt with waves of mass protests. Including those held in November 2019, January 2020, July 2021, August 2021, November 2021 and May 2022, with a militarized response.

The Establishment of the Woman-Life-Freedom” Movement

Following the death of Mahsa Amini, Iran has seen the rise of the “Women, Life, Freedom Movement”. This is a widespread protest that has now entered its fourth week. The movement’s slogan is a declaration of opposition to the Islamic Republic, a regime built on anti-woman, pro-martyrdom, and repressive ideologies.

Thousands of Iranians protest against the Islamic regime’s repressive treatment and continuous human rights violations. Iranians are speaking up against the regime carrying signs saying “Death to the dictator”. Young schoolgirls chanted, “we don’t want the Islamic Republic.” In recent weeks, Iranians have been actively fighting against security forces while tearing down billboards and burning pictures of the founder of the Islamic Republic, Ayatollah Khomeini.

Although the protests initially started over the frustration of the mandatory hijab, they developed into representing a much broader movement of overthrowing the entire regime. These restrictions have intensified under President Raisi, who took office in August 2021, leading to further tension among Iranians.

According to the World Economic Forum’s 2022 Global Gender Gap Report, Iran ranks 143 of 146 countries. The Islamic Republic exemplifies why countries with gender-discriminatory laws experience the most significant turmoil, compromising international peace and security.

The Islamic Republic Detained Thousands of Protesters and Activists

Thousands of protesters and human rights activists are now facing unfair trials, with some facing the risk of the death penalty for protesting against Mahsa Amini’s death.

Human Rights Watch has reported on security forces’ unlawful use of excessive or lethal force. Moreover, on October 31, 2022, the Tehran Province’s judiciary held that it had issued approximately 1,000 indictments against protesters and activists.

Furthermore, the Iranian authorities have subjected detainees to various forms of physical and psychological torture and other ill-treatment. Two female detainees arrested in Kurdistan reported that Iranian police tortured them with batons, electric shocks, sexual and verbal assault, and threats.

“Iran’s vicious security apparatus is using every tactic in its book, including lethal force against protesters, arresting and slandering human rights defenders and journalists, and sham trials to crush widespread dissent,”

Tara Sepehri Far, senior Iran researcher at Human Rights Watch.

Iranian authorities have arrested 308 university students and 44 children. Security forces have targeted universities with excessive use of force and arbitrarily detained students.

According to the Human Rights Activists News Agency, the protests have reached 133 cities and 129 universities, as well as several secondary schools.

International Response to Iran’s Uprisings

Solidarity protests in support of Iranian women’s rights have erupted across Europe, the United States, and parts of the Middle East.

The Death of Mahsa Amini Ignited an Unprecedented Wave of Protests Across Iran
Caption: Supporters hold posters with the image of Mahsa Amini outside the United Nations in New York © Stephanie Keith/Getty Images.

According to Amnesty International, more than one million people across 218 countries have signed their petition. This petition demanded an establishment of an independent UN mechanism to conduct an investigation in Iran. Therefore, this would ensure Iran faces the consequences for committing some of the most serious crimes listed under international law.

Failing to establish accountability encourages impunity, further emboldening the Iranian authorities to continue to intensify human rights violations. The United Nations Human Rights Council should urgently hold a special session on Iran.

Read also: The US and Israel are Weaponizing Iran Protests.

Concluding Thoughts

The protests over Mahsa’s death and the officials’ refusal to be held accountable have resulted in frustration and resentment over the political status quo. This has increased demands for democracy.

It takes immense courage and bravery for any woman to participate in this extraordinary revolution happening in Iran. Young girls risk arrest, school expulsion, and death when exercising their freedom of expression.

The world’s silence on this issue enables continued human rights abuses in Iran. The international community must stand up against the Islamic Republic and demand its adherence to binding human rights obligations.

Politics, money and states’ interests continue to come before human rights. The United Nations has repeatedly failed to adequately address human rights violations committed by authoritarian regimes. Despite this, we must rebuild our trust in this global governance mechanism. The United Nations intends to protect states regardless of geographical borders, race, religion, ethnicity, gender or social class.

This begs the question; will the United Nations stand with the women of Iran in upholding their human rights?

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The Unbroken Spirit of Gaza

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When the guns finally went quiet in Gaza, people stepped out from basements and tents for the first time after months. On this occasion, some cried, some smiled, and others simply looked at the sky in disbelief. There were small moments of celebration, too, in which children waved torn flags, men distributed bread, and women thanked God. However, behind every cheer stood loss. Nearly every street was filled with rubble, while every family was missing someone.

Even in ruins and a completely obliterated picture, Gaza’s people showed the world that their spirit remains unbroken.

The Scale of Destruction

According to Gaza’s Health Ministry figures verified by UN OCHA and international agencies, more than 67,000 Palestinians have been killed since the war began in October 2023. Over 80 percent of Gaza’s 2.2 million people are displaced, many of them living in damaged schools or makeshift shelters.

A UN assessment shared by The Guardian reports that 92 percent of Gaza’s buildings and infrastructure have been destroyed or severely damaged, including hospitals, water systems, and almost all power stations. Even now, bulldozers and rescue teams continue to pull bodies from the debris. Hospitals that still function do so with little medicine and no electricity. Doctors use phone lights to perform emergency operations.

A Short Celebration of Life

When the ceasefire came into effect, people did what they could to feel alive again. In Rafah, small groups lit candles, sang patriotic songs, and shared dates. Children played football in alleys cleared of debris. Others tied white cloth to sticks and waved them as makeshift flags.

“It’s not victory,” said 28-year-old Ameer from Deir al-Balah.

“It’s a breath. We are just breathing again.”

For most, the joy lasted only a few hours. Soon they returned to what was left of their homes, collecting bricks, mattresses, and family photos. The ceasefire gave them time to count who survived.

Women Leading in Crisis

Across Gaza, women have taken the lead in rebuilding daily life. UN Women estimates that three of every four displaced Gazans are women and children.

In tent camps, mothers organize small cooking groups to share food and keep children occupied. They turn broken classrooms into play corners and burned courtyards into community kitchens.

One mother, Samira, said,

“I lost my husband, my house, and everything else. But if I lose hope too, my children will have nothing left.”

Her words sum up the quiet strength that holds Gaza together.

Children Without Schools

Gaza’s children are the face of both loss and endurance. UNICEF reports that about 17,000 children have been orphaned or separated from their families.

With 90 percent of schools damaged, formal education has stopped. Some volunteers now gather children under tents to read simple lessons or tell stories to distract them from fear. Many draw what they remember of their homes—blue skies, olive trees, and the sea.

Faith and Strength

Faith continues to guide daily life. Mosques may be in ruins, but prayers still take place in open spaces. People gather at sunset to recite verses from the Quran and pray for those who have died.

An imam from Khan Younis said, “We will rebuild because rebuilding is part of worship.” For many, faith provides structure in chaos and the belief that justice will come, even if slowly.

Humanitarian Situation in Gaza

The ceasefire has allowed limited aid to enter Gaza. According to sources, around 350 to 400 trucks of aid are entering daily, less than the promised 600.

Aid agencies warn that Gaza still faces a hunger emergency. The UN’s World Food Programme estimates that 1.8 million people are in critical need of food. Hospitals require fuel, and the water network is still mostly down.

The World and Gaza

Protests in more than 50 cities have demanded accountability and long-term peace. The truce, mediated by Egypt and Qatar, has created cautious optimism, but trust is fragile. International organizations call for independent investigations into alleged war crimes and for an end to the blockade that keeps aid limited.

Rebuilding will take years, maybe decades. Engineers estimate that full reconstruction could cost over $30 billion. However, Gazans have already started small repairs, clearing streets, patching walls, and re-planting gardens where possible.

Local radio stations, once silent, are broadcasting again using generators. Young people are sharing footage of survival on social media, determined to show that life continues. Every small act, a cleaned courtyard, a lit candle, a repaired door, is a declaration that Gaza still belongs to its people.

Key Takeaways

The ceasefire has not brought normal life, but it has brought a chance to begin again. Gaza stands today as a place of unimaginable loss and extraordinary courage. People celebrate the smallest victories: a family reunited, a neighbor found alive, a loaf of bread baked over fire.

The world sees a war zone, but Gazans see home. Their houses may be gone, but their faith, love, and unity remain.

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A Fragile Silence: Understanding the Gaza Ceasefire

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For the first time in months, the skies above Gaza seem quiet. No sirens, no distant thud of bombs, and no children running for shelter. This is a fragile silence – one that carries the weight of grief, exhaustion, and the faintest breath of hope. The newly brokered ceasefire between Israel and Hamas has brought an uneasy calm to a land battered beyond recognition. However, what does this truce really mean for Gaza, for its resilient people, and for the uncertain future that still lies ahead?

The Ceasefire Agreement: What is Promised?

Mediated by Egypt, Qatar, and the United States, the ceasefire agreement demands an immediate halt to military operations from both sides. Israeli troops have begun a phased withdrawal from central Gaza, while Hamas is set to release hostages in exchange for Palestinian detainees. Humanitarian aid, fuel, food, and medicines are promised unrestricted access through UN-coordinated corridors.

Yet, as with every truce before, skepticism lingers. The language of peace often hides the reality of fragility. Many Gazans call it not an end, but a pause, like a window to bury the dead and search for the living.

As the dust settles, Gaza reveals its new geography of loss. Satellite images show entire neighborhoods flattened. Hospitals that once stood as shelters now stand as ruins. Roads are cratered, schools turned into makeshift morgues. However, amid the destruction, thousands of displaced families are returning to what remains of their homes.

“We will rebuild even if it’s only with our hands,” says a father from Khan Younis, sweeping rubble from his doorway.

His words echo the quiet defiance of a people who have learned to survive without certainty.

Life Between the Lines of a Truce

Ceasefires in Gaza are rarely moments of celebration. They are interludes between wars and the days when families breathe, mend, and count who is still alive. Markets reopen with candlelight, children chase kites through streets of dust, and teachers gather students in the shells of classrooms.

Yet, the fear never truly leaves. Every drone hum is a reminder. Every tremor of glass recalls nights when silence meant danger. For many Gazans, peace feels less like a right and more like a borrowed hour.

The ceasefire’s greatest test lies in the flow of aid. The United Nations and the Red Crescent have mobilized convoys to deliver supplies, yet logistical chaos and damaged roads make access painfully slow. Hospitals are desperate for anesthesia, blood bags, and clean water, while fuel shortages have forced surgeons to rely on battery lamps and hand-pumped oxygen.

UN officials warn that Gaza is at risk of famine. Every truck that enters carries not just food, but the hope of survival. However, the question still persists—will aid continue once the world’s attention shifts again?

Aid in the Balance: Lifelines Under Pressure

The true test of this ceasefire lies in how quickly and how fully aid flows. The United Nations plans a 60-day escalation in humanitarian deliveries. The goal is to assist 2.1 million people, provide nutrition support to 500,000, and deliver cash assistance to 200,000 families.

Even so, the UN warns that only 28% of the needed $4 billion appeal for Gaza has been funded. UNICEF, in a recent warning, said child mortality could spike if full food aid crossings were not allowed. Therefore, it is estimated that 50,000 children are at immediate risk of acute malnutrition.

Yet logistical barriers remain with wrecked roads, checkpoints, bureaucratic delays, and fuel shortages.

As one UN relief coordinator cautioned:

“This problem won’t go away in two months.”

Politics Behind the Pause

The ceasefire is not only humanitarian but also deeply political. For Israel, it provides breathing space amid growing international criticism. For Hamas, it offers a chance to claim survival as victory. For mediators like Egypt and Qatar, it is a test of diplomatic endurance.

However, beneath these maneuvers lies a truth that without accountability and justice, every ceasefire is temporary. History has seen these pauses crumble under mistrust, missteps, and the politics of vengeance.

Reconstruction promises are once again flooding global headlines. Nations pledge millions, NGOs draft blueprints, and donors speak of hope. But Gazans remember the promises of 2014 and 2021 when funds vanished, and aid projects never began.

This time, the call from Gaza is clear: let rebuilding belong to those who have lived through the ruins. Let aid be about dignity, not dependency.

The Global Conscience

As the truce holds, protests continue in cities from London to Jakarta. Millions march for justice, waving Palestinian flags, chanting for freedom and accountability. The ceasefire may have paused the bombs, but it has amplified Gaza’s voice.

International pressure is mounting for independent investigations into alleged war crimes. Human rights organizations warn that impunity will only plant the seeds of another conflict. The world is watching, but watching alone is not enough.

The fragility of peace in Gaza lies in its repetition as history is written in ceasefires that failed. Still, there is something different this time that a sense that Gaza’s agony has pierced the world’s conscience in a way that can no longer be ignored.

In the heart of the ruins, Gazans are not asking for sympathy. They are asking for justice, protection, and the right to live without counting the seconds between sirens.

Conclusion: Between Hope and History

The Gaza ceasefire is not an end to war but a fragile silence held together by the will of a broken people. It is a pause between grief and survival, between what was destroyed and what might still be rebuilt. Whether it becomes the beginning of peace or just another chapter of waiting depends not only on leaders or treaties, but on the world’s willingness to remember.

For now, Gaza breathes—quietly, painfully, defiantly.

“They have silenced our skies, but not our spirit.”

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The 20-Point Gaza Plan: A Blueprint for Dispossession?

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As Gaza’s hospitals ran out of oxygen and children continued to die of hunger, a new “Peace Plan” emerged from Washington. The US President Donald Trump’s 20-Point Gaza Plan was announced recently in late September 2025. It has promised to rebuild Gaza and bring “a new era of stability.” However, to many Palestinians and observers across the world, it sounded like something else: a blueprint to erase what remains of Gaza’s sovereignty. What was initially discussed with the Arab states as a cooperative humanitarian initiative was, by the time of its release, cleverly reshaped. It is rewritten to preserve occupation under a new label.

From Arab Consensus to American Control

Early drafts of a postwar Gaza plan were reportedly framed through consultations among Arab and Muslim nations. They emphasized three principles: Palestinian self-rule, unrestricted humanitarian access, and reconstruction without foreign trusteeship. Yet as negotiations evolved, the plan was absorbed by U.S. diplomacy and redrafted in a way that aligned with Israeli conditions rather than Arab consensus. Several diplomats confirmed that Washington’s version quietly removed any reference to Palestinian sovereignty, replacing it with phrases like “transitional governance” and “security oversight.”

Even before it was officially unveiled, Reuters reported growing unease among Arab delegations, who complained that the new text ignored their agreed-upon points and reflected Israel’s security agenda. Pakistan’s foreign minister stated openly that “Trump’s 20-Point Gaza Plan is not our plan.” The shift marked more than a diplomatic re-edit as it exposed the power imbalance shaping Gaza’s future.

The 20 Points: Promises and Omissions

Publicly, Trump’s 20-Point Gaza Plan claims to rest on four pillars: ceasefire, hostage release, reconstruction, and demilitarization, yet its deeper clauses reveal troubling gaps. There is no guarantee of Palestinian sovereignty, no timeline for Israeli withdrawal, and no provision for international accountability. Instead, it envisions Gaza’s future under external trusteeship, with reconstruction funds controlled by a multinational board led by Washington and oversight committees dominated by Israel and allied states.

Several points speak of creating “safe redevelopment corridors” and “security zones,” terms human rights experts warn could mask forced relocations and demographic engineering. The plan further ties aid to behavior clauses, conditions governance on foreign approval, and places border control under “temporary supervision,” a phrase that critics fear means indefinite control. Amnesty International cautioned that “reconstruction must not become a pretext for displacement or collective punishment.”

In essence, while the plan’s language of peace and rebuilding appeals to diplomacy, its structure embeds dependency and control. To rebuild Gaza without granting it freedom is, as one Palestinian analyst put it, “to rebuild the prison walls, just higher and cleaner.”

The Human Cost Hidden Behind Diplomacy

Behind every clause of this plan lies a humanitarian catastrophe. The World Health Organization confirms that more than half a million people in Gaza face famine-level hunger, and over 360 have already died from malnutrition. The UN’s humanitarian office says 80% of Gaza’s population now depends on aid that Israel continues to restrict. In this reality, talk of “redevelopment corridors” rings hollow. Gaza does not need trusteeship—it needs food, medicine, and an end to the siege.

On the streets of Rafah and Deir al-Balah, survivors of months of bombardment heard the plan’s announcement with disbelief. “They speak of building new homes,” one displaced teacher told a reporter, “but they won’t even let cement cross the border.” Another woman asked, “Who gives them the right to plan our lives while we bury our dead?” These voices reveal the heart of Gaza’s objection: no document signed abroad can substitute for the will of its people.

Resistance and Rejection

Hamas’s initial response to the plan was mixed. The group welcomed references to reconstruction and aid delivery but rejected disarmament and external trusteeship. “No peace built on surrender will last,” its spokesman said. Across Palestinian civil society, activists dismissed the plan as “occupation repackaged.” Hashtags like #NoTrusteeship and #GazaIsNotForSale flooded social media, uniting Gazans and diaspora voices in digital defiance.

Former U.S. diplomat Robert Malley, writing for Le Monde, described the plan as “a maze of ambiguities and potential pitfalls.” His analysis noted that the proposal’s vagueness is deliberate—creating space for powerful states to interpret its clauses to their advantage. It is a familiar strategy: promise reconstruction while ensuring dependency.

Reactions among Arab and Muslim nations were cautious and divided. The Arab League issued a restrained statement calling for further review, while countries like Algeria, Iran, and Pakistan warned that any plan lacking Palestinian representation was unacceptable. Meanwhile, Western governments praised the proposal as a “bold step toward stability.” For Gazans, these words offered little comfort. They have seen such language before in the Oslo Accords, the Road Map, and countless other documents that delivered control, not liberation.

International law offers a clear measure. The plan’s idea of trusteeship contradicts the principle of self-determination guaranteed by the UN Charter and multiple General Assembly resolutions. Legal scholars argue that placing Gaza under external administration without consent would constitute a new form of occupation. The International Court of Justice’s 2024 advisory opinion warned that “peace agreements cannot validate the continuation of unlawful control.” Trump’s plan, critics say, does precisely that.

What True Peace Would Look Like

A genuine peace framework would begin not with political engineering but with justice. It would:

  • End the blockade entirely, allowing Gaza to trade and rebuild freely.
  • Place reconstruction under Palestinian-led management, not foreign trusteeship.
  • Hold accountable those responsible for war crimes and the starvation policy.
  • Guarantee the right of return and compensation for the displaced.
  • Empower Gaza’s people to elect their own representatives without external approval.

Anything less is not peace but an administrative occupation.

The Moral and Legal Test for the World

The 20-Point Plan is not a diplomatic breakthrough but a moral test. To accept it as written would mean endorsing a future where Gaza remains controlled by the same forces that destroyed it. It would normalize collective punishment under the banner of reform. And it would bury the core demand that Palestinians have made for decades: the right to decide their destiny.

Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and UN experts have all warned that Gaza’s crisis cannot be resolved through imposed governance. The path forward must restore dignity, not dependency. Yet, while the world debates corridors and committees, Gaza’s hospitals run without light, and its children die nameless in the dark.

The Bottom Line

Trump’s 20-Point Gaza Plan may speak the language of peace, but its structure carries the logic of control. For Gaza, peace cannot be built by those who silence its voice. True reconstruction will not come from Washington or Tel Aviv, but it will rise from the streets of Khan Yunis and the refugee camps that still believe in freedom.

The people of Gaza do not reject peace but subjugation disguised as diplomacy. Their message to the world remains clear: “We will rebuild, but on our own terms.” And until that right is honored, no plan, however polished, can claim the name of peace.

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