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How Practical is the Secular Democracy of India? Curbing of Religious Freedom in Kashmir

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In Kashmir, a Closed Mosque Belies India’s Religious Freedom

Even while a right-wing Hindu nationalist government is ruling India for the past 8 years now, India still professes to be a secular democracy. The constitutional grounds for India’s secularism have been carefully accommodating religious freedom. However, the past 8 years have been witnessing a shrinking of sorts for the religious freedom of Muslims. The Indian government seems to be particularly adamant about curbing the religious freedom of Kashmiri Muslims.

In 2022, the Indian authorities arrested prominent religious clerics across Kashmir under PSA (Public Safety Act). After that, the Indian government banned schools run by FAT (Falah-e-Aam Trust ). FAT is an affiliate of the banned Islamist organization Jama’at-e-Islami Jammu and Kashmir (Jama’at). Another incident followed with the circulation of a video of Kashmiri students. The video showed students being forced to chant Hindu hymns sparked controversy over social media. However, these are not isolated incidents that reveal the curbing of religious freedom in Kashmir.  

Read here, The BJP Enforcing Patriotism By Instilling Fear- “Har Ghar Tiranga” Campaign in Kashmir and Other Schemes

Curbing Religious Freedom in Muharram

Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar is one of the holiest months for Shite Muslims worldwide. During this month, Shia mourners gather together to hold a procession. They recite eulogies, and chant slogans to mourn the martyrdom of the Prophet’s grandson Hussain.

However, since 1989, the Indian government has prohibited some of the major Muharram processions in Kashmir. The government issues an order each year prohibiting Muharram processions due to “security reasons”. Kashmiris claim that the Indian state has been curbing their religious rights on the pretext of “security concerns”. Kashmiri Muslims have a history of raising their voices against the curbing of their religious rights by the Indian government. Nonetheless, this history of resistance against religious inequality has always been violent for the Kashmiris. Every year, Shia mourners face police thrashings, beatings, and arrests while trying to take out Muharram processions.

Since the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, the police arrested 15 Shia mourners. They also arrested a well-known preacher named Manzoor Ahmed Malik. The police charged them under the stringent anti-terror law UAPA (Unlawful Activities Prevention Act). According to the police, they allegedly chanted free Kashmir Slogans during Muharram processions.

While talking to the Wire, Arshid Ahmad, a Shia mourner told The Wire “In contemporary times, the ‘step-motherly’ treatment of Muslims is unacceptable and the government should reconsider the decision on Muharram bans. This minority bears the brunt of the repression, even though other religious pilgrimages are permitted with full security and pomp,”.

“We are protesting and condemning this ban but no one is listening to us. If the government can allow other religions to perform their religious rites, why ban the Muharram procession?” Muzzafar, another mourner asked.

Most mourners who talked with the media brought up the Amarnath Yatra, a 40-day pilgrimage. They questioned why the government couldn’t guarantee protection for the Muharram parade for one day.

Also, read Lawlessness in Police Custody- Custodial Killings in Kashmir

Janmashtami Procession held by Kashmiri Pandits Amid Police and Army Security

Days after Muharram, Kashmiri pandits staged processions throughout Srinagar to celebrate the birth of the Hindu god Krishna. The government allowed Hindu devotees to take out the religious procession and provided them with tight police and army security.  

Amid massive spectacle and show, the government supervised and safeguarded the religious procession. National news outlets in India were hailing this incident as “signifying a perceptible improvement in the situation in the strife-ridden Valley”. However, none of the Indian media called out the hypocrisy of the Indian government that has been curbing the religious freedom in Kashmir for Muslims for decades.

Read here, Kashmiri Pandits Face Targeted Killings

The Grand Mosque in Kashmir Closed For Friday Prayers For Three Years

The Jamia Masjid or the grand mosque in the heart of Srinagar city is a 600-year-old that has been cherished and venerated by Kashmiris for centuries and is of historic and religious significance. On important religious occasions throughout the year, thousands of Muslim worshippers have been visiting the grand mosque. Friday is considered the holy day of the week for Muslims and congregational prayers are of utmost importance. Yet, Kashmiris haven’t been allowed to offer prayers in Jamia Masjid for three consecutive years now.

Additionally, Mirwaiz Umar Farooq, Hurriyat leader, and the mosque’s chief preacher has been kept under constant house arrest and is not permitted to give Friday sermons. Recently, the Lieutenant Governor of Kashmir Manoj Sinha disputed reports of Mirwaiz being under house arrest, yet a few days later, the Hurriyat leader was denied permission to deliver the Friday sermon at Jamia Masjid. In attempts to deny the claim of “prolonged closure, of the Jamia Masjid” the LG declared that it had only been in effect on three Fridays this year. However, the mosque’s administration made it explicit that this year, prayers have been prohibited for 14 Fridays so far by the enforced presence of the CRPF and J&K Police.   

To Kashmiris, the prolonged closure of the Jamia masjid serves as a bitter reminder of their helplessness. And the attempts of psychological warfare. This is yet another incident that speaks of the curbing of religious freedom in Kashmir.

Read more here, India Bans Falah-e-Aam Trust (FAT) schools in Kashmir

Religious Freedom Vanishing From The Largest Democracy In The World

India prides itself internationally as the world’s largest democracy. According to the Indian constitution, the government “will not discriminate, patronize, or meddle in the exercise of any religion.” Its constitution guarantees religious freedom, which entails that individuals should be able to adhere to and freely practice their religious views. However, the religious freedom and claims of secularism mentioned in the Indian Constitution are utterly absent when it comes to Muslims and particularly when it comes to Kashmir.

Read here, The Case Of The Gyanvapi Mosque Explained

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Same Weapons, Same Wounds: How Israel’s Genocide In Gaza Is Reappearing in Lebanon

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A surgeon can sometimes read a battlefield from the condition of wounds it leaves behind. In Gaza, doctors have described bodies unimaginably pierced by tiny metal fragments that cause far greater damage than the skin first reveals. Unfortunately, similar injuries are now being reported in Lebanon. Although the place has changed, the pattern is becoming familiar.

These are small entry wounds, causing deep internal destruction. While civilians are being pulled from rubble, hospitals are overwhelmed, and Israel calls it “security.” Israel’s ongoing genocide in Gaza has already shown the world what happens when a civilian population is heavily bombed, starved, displaced, and left without a functioning health system.

Lebanon is now witnessing a face of Israel that is not hidden to anyone, as the assault carries many of the same signatures. Although not the same history, geography, or logic, Israel is destroying the conditions of ordinary life and targeting civilian lives as it has been doing in Gaza for years.

The Tungsten Cubes Linking Gaza and Lebanon

One of the most alarming links between Gaza and Lebanon is the use of weapons that release tiny tungsten cubes. These small metal cubes were already seen in Gaza injuries, and these are not just ordinary metal cube fires.

Human Rights Watch also documented similar fragments in Gaza in its 2009 report named “Precisely Wrong.” It found tiny metal cubes, about 3mm on each side, in victims’ bodies and numerous other strike sites. When they brought them into the laboratory, they found that it was tungsten, with traces of nickel and iron. These are usually fired using a Spike Missile.

The real cruelty of this kind of fragmentation is that it is not always visible at first glance. For instance, a person may have small wounds on the outside while the inside of the body is torn apart. These dense metal fragments can rip through organs, blood vessels, nerves, and bone. Especially for children, the elderly, and the people already weakened by hunger or displacement, survival becomes even harder.

Gaza’s Genocide as a Warning

The heinous genocide in Gaza has already shown the full horror of Israel’s cruel methods. Palestinians have been martyred in staggering numbers, entire neighborhoods have been flattened, and families have been buried under concrete.

The suffering did not end with the so-called “ceasefire language.” Even on May 10, 2026, Israeli strikes killed numerous innocent Palestinians. In this context, Gaza’s health officials have highlighted that more than 850 Palestinians have been killed since the ceasefire that was announced in October 2025.

When it comes to the humanitarian figures, the World Food Programme has reported that 1.6 million people, around 77% of Gaza’s population, are facing acute food insecurity. It also includes 100,000 children and around 37,000 pregnant and breastfeeding women. These are not just background statistics but a daily reality of a population being forced to survive without enough food, medicine, shelter, or safety.

Moreover, hospitals in Gaza reflect the same story. Gaza’s entire medical system has been brutally attacked, besieged, deprived of fuel, and overwhelmed by mass injuries. Doctors have performed amputations in absolutely impossible circumstances. Patients have lain on rubble-led floors while premature babies, cancer and dialysis patients, and trauma victims have all been broken by siege and bombardment.

Lebanon Is Seeing the Same Pattern

Unfortunately, Lebanon is now being dragged into the same machinery of destruction. More than 2,700 people had been killed in Lebanon since March 2026, with more than 1.2 million displaced. Israel also struck Beirut even after a ceasefire had been declared, marking a dangerous escalation and exposing how fragile such ceasefires become when Israel continues to reserve the right to bomb.

The strikes have not been limited to empty fields or isolated military positions. On May 9, an Israeli strike on the southern Lebanese town of Saksakiyeh killed at least seven innocent people, including a child, and wounded 15 others. Emergency responders were seen searching through the wreckage.

In addition to that, Israeli airstrikes in southern Lebanon killed people in Toura and Kfar Chouba, including a paramedic, while residents of villages in Tyre province had received evacuation warnings.

Ceasefire Without Safety

The word “ceasefire” has become painfully empty for many Palestinians and Lebanese civilians. In Gaza, a ceasefire did not stop the genocide, including killing, starvation, or fear. While in Lebanon, a ceasefire has not stopped Israeli strikes, displacement, or the expansion of insecurity.

The United Nations warned Israeli strikes in Lebanon may breach the ceasefire, while Lebanese authorities said nearly 2,500 people had already been killed by late April amid heavy damage to civilian infrastructure.

However, the great imbalance of destruction remains central. Gaza has been turned into rubble. South Lebanon is now facing repeated bombardment, village evacuations, damaged infrastructure, and mass displacement. The same vocabulary appears again and again: “targets,” “militants,” “security,” “precision.” Yet beneath that language are innocent families, children, doctors, drivers, farmers, shopkeepers, and rescue workers.

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38,000 Women and Girls Slaughtered: UN Confirms Gendered Impact of Israel’s Gaza Genocide

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Shockingly, 47 women and girls are being killed in Gaza every single day. A recent UN report mentioned more than 38,000 women slaughtered by Israel during its heinous genocide. Previously, in 2024, the health ministry in Gaza estimated that 70% of those killed in the war were women and children.

Moreover, the impact on Gaza’s healthcare sector is so severe that death figures are hard to evaluate in real terms. This demonstrates the severity of the gender-based violence that Gaza’s residents are enduring, even after the so-called “ceasefire” in 2026.

Impact of Israel’s Genocide on Women and Girls

The UN Women’s report also documents almost 19,000 injured women and girls who have been permanently disabled from their injuries. The Head of Humanitarian Action at UN Women said: “This is the highest percentage in any conflict to date and the highest percentage of women killed in any conflict ever recorded.”

Several medical professionals who have practiced within the Gaza Strip have reported that most of the breastfeeding mothers have not been able to provide breastmilk for their child due to malnutrition, the loss of a loved one, or lack of medical care.

By early 2026, the official figures from the Ministry of Health in Gaza estimate more than 50,000 women have been killed, but this is most likely an underestimation due to the number of people left under rubble.

There is also credible evidence of sexual violence during the genocide. For instance, in a statement issued in 2024, the United Nations’ Special Representative regarding sexual violence during genocide called for an objective investigation of “credible allegations of sexual assault” of Palestinians in detention, including females being detained by the Israelis.

Maternal Health and Obstetric Care

Pregnant women and new mothers in Gaza are facing a severe maternal healthcare crisis. Hospital infrastructure continues to be bombed by Israeli airstrikes, leaving fewer resources available for providing maternal care. Maternal healthcare resources have also been severely limited, as well as the ability to respond to maternal emergencies.

Women who are giving birth to children are being exposed to an increased risk of maternal death. They are giving birth at healthcare centres that have been partially abolished and are unable to provide surgical intervention. Moreover, some hospitals that are still left lack basic tools such as anaesthesia. The World Health Organisation has been reporting that disruption to the delivery of healthcare and access to medical supplies is directly related to the peak hostilities in northern Gaza.

The UNFPA refers to the Gaza Strip as the most dangerous place in the world for a woman to give birth, due to the increase in the rate of infant mortality. It is reported that an average of 15 women give birth to children outside the hospital per week with no assistance, and if a woman can give birth in a hospital:

  • C-sections were being performed without anaesthesia in many places, as reported by MSF staff from field hospitals.
  • There was an increase in maternal deaths due to hospital closures because of a lack of electricity, surgical services, and staff.

Women’s Right to Food, Water, and Shelter in Gaza

The sieges and destruction of the infrastructure create immense problems for women in particular. Women and men have been forced into shelters with abysmal sanitation. Both UNFPA and UN Women have reported the lack of sanitary products, privacy, and safe water for washing in many displacement sites. These are not insignificant aspects, as for protracted displacement, lack of sanitation and hygiene infrastructure leads to illnesses, poor health, and increased vulnerability.

Additionally, numerous impacts have also occurred due to food insecurity. Pregnant and lactating women have been among the first affected by severe malnutrition. Nearly 790,000 women and girls are living with crisis and catastrophic levels of food insecurity, according to UN Women.

Psychological services are also lacking since most people in Gaza suffer from trauma, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Women who have lost their husbands and multiple members of their families are experiencing major problems with their mental health.

Data Does Not Reveal the Suffering and Trauma of Gaza Women

A young Palestinian girl, Mona, described her mother and sister dying instantaneously due to a bomb, and she found “pieces of their bodies“. She reported herself being completely numb, and stories such as hers occurred throughout Gaza. Hind Rajab, a 5-year-old Palestinian girl, was shot 335 times by an Israeli tank. There are a lot of horrific stories of Gaza women.

In a nutshell, women’s rights in Gaza, broadly construed, have been assaulted not just by violence but by the destruction of mechanisms of health care, legal, and other services. This is the starting point for any objective assessment of this unprecedented genocide. It must be stopped before the atrocities of Israel and its allies start to engulf the entire world.

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Sudan’s War and the Fracturing of the Muslim World: A Crisis Beyond the Headlines

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The situation in Sudan is now more than just another news story. The conflict, which broke out in April 2023, is now in its fourth year and has left tens of thousands dead, more than 14 million people displaced (nearly a quarter of the population), and pushed the country to the brink of famine. But beyond Sudan’s borders, the war is barely making headlines.

What started as an internal power struggle between two generals has descended into a bloody impasse, rending communities, decimating hospitals, and weaponizing food. Behind the conflict, there’s a bigger story: how this overlooked war is revealing the ugly divisions in the Muslim world. Rather than solidarity, we witness vested interests, selective muteness, and an idealised concept of Muslim unity replaced by geopolitics.

Sudan War 2026: What’s Happening?

The Sudanese war is a battle between two armies:

  • General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan’s Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF)
  • General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), also known as “Hemedti.”

The RSF controls most of Darfur and Kordofan, and has solidified its control in most of Khartoum and its surroundings. Contrarily, the SAF controls the north and some of the east, and recently began counterattacks in Omdurman. Both sides are far from victory and the peace table. Humanitarian assistance is being looted and stolen. Furthermore, rape is being reported at a “catastrophic” rate.

  • There are more than 4.4 million refugees in neighbouring nations like Chad, South Sudan, and Egypt.
  • Over 21 million people are in need of humanitarian aid because of famine or malnutrition in areas such as El Fasher and Kadugli.
  • Hospitals and humanitarian assistance are also heavily affected by the conflict with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting over 200 hospital attacks during the war.

What Caused the Civil War in Sudan?

There are three primary causes behind this unfortunate crisis as follows:

Competition and Conflict among Factions

The military forces in Sudan removed President Omar al-Bashir from power and established a transitional government council made up of two opposing armies, as mentioned earlier. The leaders of these two forces colluded to delay power to a civilian government in 2021, staging a coup.

Political Instability after Regime Change

A short-lived democracy ensued after the revolution of 2019. There were no leaders, parties were torn, and the international community was silent. When Bashir was pushed aside, institutions were filled with armed groups with guns and money.

Economic and Regional Inequalities

Sudan has a long history of disparities. There have been instances of discrimination and attacks on regions, such as Darfur. The poor areas suffered from inflation and a resource war, which ultimately divided Sudan.

Sudan has many resources, such as gold in Darfur and a beautiful Nile Valley. RSF had support in Darfur, whereas SAF in the north and east, as previously highlighted.

Who’s Financing the Conflict?

The other question is who finances the war in Sudan. This is a mixture of domestic and international sources.
Funding sources include:

  • Natural resource funding: The RSF owns many of the gold mines that give it enough resources to fight.
  • Regional Powers: Some states are secretly helping SAF against the massive forces of RSF.

In short, the RSF is suspiciously linked with the United Arab Emirates, which is allegedly involved in arms and gold smuggling in Darfur. However, the UAE denies military aid, but is being sued by Sudan in the International Court of Justice. The RSF has mining profits and a government of the occupied territory.
On the other hand, SAF has Egypt, the Nile, and the border. The legitimate government has the backing of Saudi Arabia and others.

Sudan and the Muslim World in Crisis

The Muslim world has been facing a multi-faceted crisis for the past two years that has similar patterns. There has been international intervention on a scale, wars for resources, failed or failing states, and the international community is divided to tackle the crises. Rather than consensus, there is disunity and division.

The nature of these crises is different, but the common thread is that there is no unity among Muslim-majority countries and organisations.

  • Israel is currently involved in genocidal activities like bombing and starving Gaza. The agreement between Lebanon and Israel was supposed to be kept, yet Lebanon remains vulnerable to attacks and is displaced from reconstruction.
  • Iran is recovering from the war with Israel and the US. It is suffering economically from sanctions, attacks, and trade issues.
  • Yemen and Syria continue to suffer from war, while Pakistan and Bangladesh have experienced political upheaval.

However, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation has been unable to respond significantly to any of these events.

The Way Forward

Peace involves putting an end to combat and the cessation of fighting between opponents and allowing them to embrace reconciliation. The international community must adopt a new approach to the problem that would involve fewer arms and increased humanitarian aid.

Gaza and Sudan represent a case of uneven consensus among the Muslims. It is therefore the need of the hour to tackle all the challenges with the strong and practical notion of the Muslim Brotherhood.

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